TN00066    LAKE CHUBSUCKER    ERIMYZON SUCETTA 

Taxonomy

Species ID	TN00066
Name	CHUBSUCKER, LAKE
Other Common Names
Category	01 Fish
Elcode
Phylum	CHORDATA
Subphylum
Class	OSTEICHTHYES
Subclass
Suborder
Order	CYPRINIFORMES
Family	CATOSTOMIDAE
Genus	ERIMYZON
Species	SUCETTA
Subspecies
Authority	LACEPEDE 1803
Scientific Name	ERIMYZON SUCETTA

References

816, 3687, TN5072, 816, 4205

Comments

Tennessee Narrative 2 SUBSPECIES, E. S. SUCETTA AND E. S. KENNERLII, RECOGNIZED IN 1930 *3687*; MOST SUBSEQUENT AUTHORS HAVE REGARDED DIFFERENTIATION INVALID *816*

Status

Status Code	Status Translation	References
223	Nongame-Protected	TN5002
000	Unclassified	835
999	See Comments	3686

County Name	Historical Occurrence	Resident Occurrence	General Occurrence	Seasonal Occurrence	Abundance
Anderson		5
Bedford		5
Benton	3	3	3
Bledsoe		5
Blount		5
Bradley		5
Campbell		5
Cannon		5
Carroll	3	3	3
Carter		5
Cheatham		5
Chester	3	3	3
Claiborne		5
Clay		5
Cocke		5
Coffee		5
Crockett		5
Cumberland		5
Davidson		5
Decatur	3	3	3
DeKalb		5
Dickson		5
Dyer	3	3	3
Fayette	3	3	3
Fentress		5
Franklin		5
Gibson	3	3	3
Giles		5
Grainger		5
Greene		5
Grundy		5
Hamblen		5
Hamilton		5
Hancock		5
Hardeman	3	3	3
Hardin	3	3	3
Hawkins		5
Haywood	3	3	3
Henderson	3	3	3
Henry	3	3	3
Hickman		5
Houston		5
Humphreys		5
Jackson		5
Jefferson		5
Johnson		5
Knox		5
Lake	2	2	2	All Seasons	Rare
Lauderdale	3	3	3
Lawrence		5
Lewis		5
Lincoln		5
Loudon		5
McMinn		5
McNairy	2	2	2	All Seasons	Rare
Macon		5
Madison	3	3	3
Marion		5
Marshall		5
Maury		5
Meigs		5
Monroe		5
Montgomery		5
Moore		5
Morgan		5
Obion	2	2	2	All Seasons	Rare
Overton		5
Perry		5
Pickett		5
Polk		5
Putnam		5
Rhea		5
Roane		5
Robertson		5
Rutherford		5
Scott		5
Sequatchie		5
Sevier		5
Shelby	3	3	3
Smith		5
Stewart		5
Sullivan		5
Sumner		5
Tipton	3	3	3
Trousdale		5
Unicoi		5
Union		5
Van Buren		5
Warren		5
Washington		5
Wayne		5
Weakley	3	3	3
White		5
Williamson		5
Wilson		5

Absent Within Counties	Unknown Within Counties

Hydrologic Unit Code References TN5057

Quadrangle	Quadrangle Name

Quadrangle Distribution References

Ecoregion	Ecoregion Name
221500	Oak-Hickory Forest
231200	Southern Flood Plain Forest

Ecoregion Distribution References TN5057,

River Reach	River Reach Name

River Reach References

Distribution General Comments

General Distribution References

Habitat(s): Aquatic

Comments on General Habitat

This species occupies ponds, oxbows, sloughs, impoundments and similar waters of little or no flow that are clear and have bottoms of sand or silt mixed with organic debris. Aquatic vegetation is usually present *816,1306*. They may be present in drainage ditches where extensive marshes once occurred *1310*. The eggs are scattered over beds of Amblystegium riparium and among masses of filamentous algae *1546*.

General Habitat References

816, 1306, 1310, 1546

Forest Size Class Association

Forest Size Class Association References

Society of American Forester's Type Associations	Seral Stage	Canopy Closure

References on SAF Type Association

Land Use/Land Cover Associations

Water

Streams and Canals

Lakes

Land Use/Land Cover Association References

1187, 4690, 3686, 1306, 842, 816, 1200, 4205

National Wetlands Inventory Associations	Class	Modifier	Special Modifier
Riverine, lower perennial	Unconsolidated bottom, sand	Nontidal, permanent	fresh
Riverine, lower perennial	Aquatic bed, submergent vascular	Nontidal, permanent	fresh
Lacustrine, littoral	Unconsolidated bottom, sand	Nontidal, permanent	fresh
Lacustrine, littoral	Aquatic bed, submergent vascular	Nontidal, permanent	fresh
Lacustrine, littoral	Aquatic bed, submergent algal	Nontidal, permanent	fresh
Palustrine

NWI Association References

1187, 842, 3686, 4690, 816, 1200, 1306, 1310, 1546, 4205

Animal/Plant Associations

Parasites=Protozoa

Trematoda

Cestoda

Nematoda

Acanthocephala

Crustacea

Animal/Plant Association References

TN5182, TN5183, 849, 3702, 3698, 3703

Habitat Evaluation Procedures Comments on HEP

HEP References

Potential Natural Vegetation Associations

Southeastern Floodplain Forest

PNV References

TN5057,

USFS Associations

USFS References

Tennessee Habitat Associations	Habitat Value	Translation

References on TENHAB Association

Habitat Relationships	Special Habitat Relationships

References on Habitat Relationships

Food Habits

Trophic	References
Omnivore	2212

Lifestage	Food Item Consumed	Part of Food Item
General	Plants	See Comments
General	Animals	Larva stage
General	Animals	Adult stage
General	Molluscs	Not Specified
General	Animals	Not Specified
General	Bivalve Molluscs	Not Specified
General	Crustaceans	Not Specified
General	Ostracods	Not Specified
General	COPEPODS	Not Specified
General	Branchiopods	Not Specified
General	Insects	Larva stage
General	Insects	Adult stage
General	Diptera	Larva stage
General	See Comments on Food Habits	See Comments
Larva	See Comments on Food Habits	See Comments
Juvenile	Plants	Not Applicable
Juvenile	Animals	Larva stage
Juvenile	Animals	Not Specified
Juvenile	Crustaceans	Not Specified
Juvenile	Branchiopods	Not Specified
Juvenile	COPEPODS	Not Specified
Juvenile	Insects	Larva stage
Juvenile	Diptera	Larva stage
Juvenile	See Comments on Food Habits	See Comments
Adult	Plants	Not Applicable
Adult	Animals	Larva stage
Adult	Animals	Adult stage
Adult	Animals	Not Specified
Adult	Molluscs	Not Specified
Adult	Bivalve Molluscs	Not Specified
Adult	Crustaceans	Not Specified
Adult	Branchiopods	Not Specified
Adult	Ostracods	Not Specified
Adult	COPEPODS	Not Specified
Adult	Insects	Larva stage
Adult	Insects	Adult stage
Adult	Diptera	Larva stage
Adult	See Comments on Food Habits	See Comments
General	Blue-green Algae	Not Applicable
General	Detritus	Not Specified

Comments on General Food Habits

This species feeds on mainly microcrustaceans. aquatic insects, mollusks, algae and detritus *4205,3690*. It is a bottom feeder, and ingests diatoms, insects larvae, and occasionally adults. Vegetable matter may make up to 70% of the diet *3690,3691*.

Comments on Adult Food Habits

127-152 mm long fish fed primarily on copepods and algae although cladocera, ostracods, and chironomid larvae were eaten with equal frequency (13 percent occurrence) *3690*.

Comments on Juvenile Food Habits

Juveniles take primarily filamentous algae, cladocerans, and chironomid larvae *3690*.

Comments on Larval Food Habits

Zooplankton and midges are important for young stages *1123,1512*.

References/Lifestage	Reference Numbers
General	3690, 2212, 1123, 1512, 4205
Adult	3690, 2212, 1123, 1512, 4205
Juvenile	3690, 1123, 1512
Larval	1123, 1512

Environmental Associations

Lifestage	Environmental Association
General	Water Temperature: Greater than 27 degrees C
General	Water Temperature: Between 21-27 degrees C
General	Water Temperature: Between 15-21 degrees C
General	Water pH: Specified in Comments
General	Turbidity: Clear water
General	Substrate: Plants
General	Dissolved Oxygen: Specified in Comments
General	Relation to Substrate: Occurs on substrate [not penetrating]
General	Relation to Substrate: Unattached - normally free living
General	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Mud or silt
General	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand
General	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Gravel
General	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rubble
General	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Boulders
General	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rooted aquatic vegetation
General	Aquatic Vegetation [specified type]: Specified in comments
General	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: High
General	Gradient: Low
General	Gradient: Moderate
General	Gradient: High
General	Flow: Large streams [1000-5000 cfs mean annual low]
General	Flow: Rivers [greater than 5000 cfs mean annual low]
General	Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Shallows with emergent vegetation [littoral zone]
General	Alkalinity: 30-200 ppm/CaCO3
General	Water Depth Preference: Less than 1 ft.
General	Water Depth Preference: 1-5 ft.
General	Aquatic Features: Stream weed beds
General	Aquatic Features: Lake weed beds
General	Aquatic Features: Backwaters
General	See comments on environmental associations
Limiting	See comments on environmental associations
Egg	Substrate: Plants
Egg	Relation to Substrate: Occurs on substrate [not penetrating]
Egg	Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Shallows with emergent vegetation [littoral zone]
Egg	Water Temperature: Specified in Comments
Feeding Juvenile	See comments on environmental associations
Feeding Juvenile	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Mud or silt
Feeding Juvenile	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand
Feeding Juvenile	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rooted aquatic vegetation
Feeding Juvenile	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: Moderate
Feeding Juvenile	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: High
Feeding Juvenile	Gradient: Low
Feeding Juvenile	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Specified in Comments
Feeding Juvenile	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Less than 0.5 fps
Feeding Juvenile	Water Level: Permanently flooded areas
Feeding Adult	See comments on environmental associations
Feeding Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Mud or silt
Feeding Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand
Feeding Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rooted aquatic vegetation
Feeding Adult	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: Moderate
Feeding Adult	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: High
Feeding Adult	Gradient: Low
Feeding Adult	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Specified in Comments
Feeding Adult	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Less than 0.5 fps
Feeding Adult	Water Level: Permanently flooded areas
Feeding Adult	Inland Wetlands: Specified in Comments
Breeding Adult	See comments on environmental associations
Breeding Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Mud or silt
Breeding Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand
Breeding Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rooted aquatic vegetation
Breeding Adult	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: Moderate
Breeding Adult	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: High
Breeding Adult	Gradient: Low
Breeding Adult	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Specified in Comments
Breeding Adult	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Less than 0.5 fps
Breeding Adult	Water Level: Permanently flooded areas
Breeding Adult	Inland Wetlands: Specified in Comments
Resting Juvenile	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Mud or silt
Resting Juvenile	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand
Resting Juvenile	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rooted aquatic vegetation
Resting Juvenile	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: Moderate
Resting Juvenile	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: High
Resting Juvenile	Gradient: Low
Resting Juvenile	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Specified in Comments
Resting Juvenile	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Less than 0.5 fps
Resting Juvenile	Water Level: Permanently flooded areas
Resting Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Mud or silt
Resting Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Sand
Resting Adult	Bottom Type [Aquatic]: Rooted aquatic vegetation
Resting Adult	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: Moderate
Resting Adult	Density of Aquatic Vegetation: High
Resting Adult	Gradient: Low
Resting Adult	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Specified in Comments
Resting Adult	Water Velocity [Instream Flow Group Increments]: Less than 0.5 fps
Resting Adult	Water Level: Permanently flooded areas
Resting Adult	Inland Wetlands: Specified in Comments
Breeding Adult	Water Temperature: Between 15-21 degrees C
Breeding Adult	Water Temperature: Below 15 degrees C
General	Water pH: Between 5.0-6.5
General	Water pH: Between 6.5-8.5
General	Salinity: Specified in Comments

Comments on General Environmental Associations

00030S=TOLERATES LOW WXYGEN THRESHOLDS (0.4-0.3 PPM) IN WINTERKILL LAKES *1328*; 00040S=WATER PH 7.2-7.7 *3691*; 00130S=EGGS SCATTERED OVER AMBLYSTEGIUM RIPARIUM AND AMONG MASSES OF FILAMENTOUS ALGAE *1546*; 99999S=OCCURS IN LAKES, OXBOW LAKES, PONDS, SLOUGHS, IMPOUNDMENTS, AND BACKWATERS OF SLUGGISH STREAMS *816,835,1200*; PREFERS CLEAR WATERS OF LITTLE OR NO FLOW OVER BOTTOMS OF SAND OR SILT MIXED WITH ORGANIC DEBRIS; AQUATIC VEGETATION USUALLY PRESENT *816*; 99999S-L=ABUNDANCE DECLINING IN AREAS SUBJECT TO SILTATION *816*

Comments on Limiting Environmental Associations

0

Comments on Breeding Adult Environmental Associations

99999S=SPAWN OVER BEDS OF AQUATIC MOSS, MASSES OF FILAMENTOUS ALGAE, OR GRASS STUBBLE ABOVE VARIOUS BOTTOM TYPES *3686,1546*

Comments on Feeding Adult Environmental Associations

99999S=BOTTOM FEEDER *3690,2212*

Comments on Feeding Juvenile Environmental Associations

99999S=BOTTOM FEEDER *3690*

Comments on Egg Environmental Associations

00020S=HAVE HATCHED IN 6-7 DAYS AT WATER TEMPERATURES OF 22.5-29.5 C *1546*

References/Lifestage	Reference Numbers
General	1200, 1546, 1328, 3691, 789, 1187, 4205
Limiting	816, 835, 1200
Breeding Adult	4205
Feeding Adult	4690, 1187, 3686, 1306, 5473, 3690, 2212
Resting Adult	4690, 1187, 3686, 1306, 5473
Feeding Juvenile	4690, 1187, 3686, 1306, 3690
Resting Juvenile	4690, 1187, 3686, 1306
Egg	1546, 1485

Life History

Physical description: The body of this species is moderately deep, slightly compressed, and tapered at both ends. The average length is 188 mm TL and 1.22 SL. The depth into SL is less than 3.3, usually 2.9-3.1. The head into SL is 3.5-4.1. The snout is tapered to a blunt point, and the mouth is subterminal, slightly oblique. The lips are plicate, with the halves of lower lip forming an acute angle. The pharyngeal teeth are short and fragile with greater than or equal to 80 per arch. They have a sharp cusp on anterior edge of the crown. The arch is weak and the symphasis moderately long. The dorsal fin is convex, with the base into SL equal to 5.2. There are 11-12 rays, 7 anal fin rays, 9 pelvic fin rays, and 35-37 (33-40) lateral scales. The lateral line is absent. The scales are square in appearance and the back is olive brown, with the sides lighter and more yellow. The belly is olive yellow. The scales are prominently dark edged, and the fins are olive to slate colored. The young have a clear black stripe from the tip of the snout to the base of the caudal fin which is reddish. The dorsal fin has dark chromatophores on the interradial membrane between the 1st and 2nd ray, and thinly scattered chromatophores on the distal portions of 2nd and 3rd membranes. The breeding male has 3 large tubercles on each side of the snout. And the anal fin is sickle shaped *1200,4205*. Reproduction: This species spawns from late March to May in Virginia *4205*. They spawned in May in stocked ponds *1187*. The eggs are scat- tered at random with no apparent prior preparation of the spawning site *1546*. In Michigan forage fish ponds, the eggs were scattered over small beds of Amblystegium riparium, among masses of filamentous algae, and in dead grass stubble *1546*. Spawning lasts about 2 weeks *1546*, and fecund- ity ranged from 1000-20000 eggs per female *4205*. The eggs hatched into 5-6 mm fry in 6-7 days at water temperatures of 22.5-29.5 degrees C *1546, 1667*. The fry are produced when smallmouth bass fry are leaving nest *3686*. A detailed chemical analysis was made of the developing embryos *3688*. The analysis were corelated with structural stages described for the white sucker *1123*. Most age-1 fish were mature and only 2 of 1669 in Nebraska attained age-4 *4205*. Behavior: This is a benthic feeder *3690,2212*, and takes mainly micro- crustaceans, aquatic insects, mollusks, algae and detritus *4205*. In a riverine habitat, it has a habit of maintaining a position facing upstream by means of pectoral and pelvic fins *1546*. Origin: The origin of this species is native and the Atlantic Slope, Virginia is at the northern limit of their distribution *812,816,4205*. Limiting factors: Their abundance is apparently declining in areas subject to siltation *4205*. *816* Population parameters: They are seldom abundant in any location *835*. They are capable of maintaining a sizeable population, but seldom produce an overpopulation *1200*. The estimated density in an Illinois lake was 468/ha *1200*. The standing crops ranged from 0.7-80.7 kg/ha with an average of 24.3 kg/ha *788*. The maximum longevity is about 8 years *835*. The young have an estimated growth of 0.50 mm/day during the 30 day period early in first summer *1533*. They show rapid growth during the first 3 or 4 summers of life, after which the growth rate drops quickly *1546*. Growth at annuli for Wisconsin lake species was: 1 year=64 mm, 2 years=147 mm, 3 years=208 mm, 4 years=221 mm, 5 years=247 mm, and 6 years=269 mm *1200*. The maximum known size is 387 mm, 907 grams, taken from Florida *788*. Aquatic terrestrial associations: They are associated with the brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosa), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and the Johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) *1200*. For other references see *849,3702,3698,3703*.

Life History

References for Life History Codes

816, 812, 835, 1200, 849, 3702, 3698, 3703, 3690, 2212, 1546, 788, 3688, 1533, 1187, 3686, 1667, 842, 4205

Comments on Life History Codes

Management Practices

Result	Management Action
Existing	Other management practices [specified in comments]
Beneficial	Controlling sedimentation
Beneficial	Controlling pollution [thermal, chemical, physical]
Adverse	Draining wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Adverse	Construction of navigational improvements [dams, locks, etc.]
Adverse	Dredging
Adverse	Applying insecticides

References/Result	Reference Numbers
Adverse	5376, 1187
Beneficial	5376, 1187
Existing	3686, 835, 3690

Comments on Management Practices

This species is seldom taken by anglers, and there is little opportunity for managing them as a fishery *835*. It is an ideal forage for game species *3686*. Fingerlings are idealy suited as bait minnows *3690*. Illinois authors feel the lake chubsucker makes very satisfactory forage, particularly in ponds and small lakes where there is owner interest in bass fishing *3686*.

References

788* Carlander, K.D. 1969. Handbook of Freshwater Fishery 
Biology. Life History Data on Freshwater Fishes of the United 
States and Canada,Exclusive of the Perciformes. 1. Iowa State 
Univ., Ames:752.

789* Clay, W.M. 1975. The Fishes of Kentucky. 12. Ken. Dept. 
Fish and Wildl., Frankfort:416.

812* Jenkins, R.E., Lachner, E.A., Schwartz, F.J. 1971. Fishes 
of the central Appalachian drainages: Their distribution and 
dispersal. The Distributional History of the Biota of the 
Southern Appalachians, Part III: Vertebrates.:43-117.

816* 1980. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. Lee, D.S., 
Gilbert, C.R., Hocutt, C.H., McAllister, R.E., Stauffer, J.R., 
Jr. (eds.). Pub. 1980-12 of N. Car. Biol. Surv, N. C. State Mus. 
of Nat. Hist., Raleigh:854.

835* Cooper, E.L. 1983. The Fishes of Pennsylvania. Penn. State 
Univ. Press, University Park.

842* Scott, W.B., Crossman, E.J. 1973. Freshwater fishes of 
Canada. Can. Fish. Res. Board Bull. 184.:966.

849* Hoffman, G.L. 1967. Parasites of North American Freshwater 
Fishes. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkley:486.

1123* Ewers, L.A., Boesel, M.W. 1935. The food of some Buckeye 
Lake fishes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 65.:57-70.

1187* Pflieger, W.L. 1975. The fishes of Missouri. Mo. Dept. 
Conserv.,:173.

1200* Becker, G.C. 1983. Fishes of Wisconsin. The Univ. of 
Wisconsin Press, Madison:1052.

1306* Trautman, M.B. 1957. The fishes of Ohio. Ohio State Univ. 
Press, Columbus:683.

1310* Smith, P. W. 1979. The fishes of Illinois. Univ. Ill. 
Press, Urbana.

1328* Cooper, G.P., Washburn, G.N. 1949. Relation of dissolved 
oxygen to winter mortality of fish in Michigan lakes. Trans. Am. 
Fish. Soc. 76.:23-33.

1485* Underhill, A.H. 1941. Estimation of a breeding population 
of chub suckers. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Conf. 5.:251-256.

1512* Forbes, S.A. 1890. Studies of the food of freshwater 
fishes. Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist. 2.:433-473.

1533* Hubbs, C.L. 1921. An ecological study of the life history 
of the fresh-water atherine fish, Labidesthes sicculus. Ecology 
2(4).:262-276.

1546* Cooper, G.P. 1936. Importance of forage fishes. Proc. 
North Amer. Wildl. Conf. 1.:305-310.

1667* Cooper, G.P. 1936. Some results of forage fish 
investigations in Michigan. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 65.:132-142.

2212* Cahn, A.R. 1927. An ecological study of the southern 
Wisconsin fishes. The brook silverside (Labidesthes sicculus) 
and the cisco (Leucichthys artedi) in their relations to the 
region. Ill. Biol. Monogr. 11.:1-151.

3686* Bennett, G.W., Childers, W.F. 1966. The lake chubsucker as 
a forage species. Prog. Fish-Cult. 28.:89-92.

3687* Hubbs, C.L. 1930. Materials for a revision of the 
catostomid fishes of eastern North America. Univ. Mich. Mus. 
Zool. Misc. Publ. 20.:47.

3688* Shaklee, J.B., Champion, M.J., Whitt, G.S. 1974. 
Developmental genetics of teleosts: a biochemical analysis of 
lake chubsucker ontogeny. Dev. Biol. 38.:356-382.

3690* Shireman, J., Stetler, R.L., Colle, E.E. 1978. Possible 
use of the lake chubsucker as a baitfish. Prog. Fish-Cult. 
40.:33-34.

3691* Odum, H.T., Caldwell, D.K. 1955. Fish respiration in the 
natural oxygen gradient of an anaerobic spring in Florida. 
Copeia 1955.:104-106.

3698* Williams, E.H. 1979. Penarchigetes fessus sp-n from the 
lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta (Lacepede) in the southeastern 
United States. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington 46.:84-87.

3702* Christensen, B.M., Calentine, R.L. 1983. Penarchigetes 
macrorchis sp. n. (Cestoidea: Caryophyllaeidae) from the lake 
chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta (Lacepede), in western Kentucky. 
Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 50.:112-116.

3703* Williams, E.H., Jr., Rogers, W.A. 1972. Isoglaridacris 
agminis sp. n. (Cestoda: Caryophyllaeidae) from the lake 
chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta (Lacepede). J. Parasitol. 
58.:1082-1084.

4205* Jenkins, R.E. 1984. Fishes of Virginia (tentative)..

4690* Nordstrom, G.R., Pflieger, W.L., Sadler, K.C., LEWIS, W.H. 
1977. Rare & Endangered Species of Missouri. Mo.Dept. 
Conservation & USDA Soil Conservation Service,:129.

5376* Pflieger, W.L.. Unpb..

5473* Pflieger, W.L.. The stream resource of Missouri. Unpb., MO 
Dept. of Conserv., D-J Proj. F-I-R-28, Study S-20..

TN5002* Eagar, D. and R.H. Hatcher, editors. 1980. Tennessee's 
rare wildlife Volume I: the vertebrates. Tennessee Wildlife 
Resources Agency, Nashville, TN.

TN5057* Etnier, D.A. unpublished. Fishes of Tennessee. 
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.

TN5072* Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.A. 
McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (editors). 1980 et seq. Atlas 
of North American Freshwater Fishes. N.C. State Museum of 
Natural History, Raleigh, NC.

TN5182* Hoffman, G.L. 1967. Parasites of North American 
freshwater fishes. Univ. of California Press, Los Angeles. 486p.

TN5183* Christensen, B.M. and R.L. Calentine. 1983. 
Penarchigetes macrorchis, and species (Cestoidea: 
Caryophyllaeidae) from the lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta, in 
western Kentucky. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 50(1):112-116.