TN00343 WHITE CRAPPIE POMOXIS ANNULARIS
Physical description: This is a vaguely barred, very compressed centrar- chid with the adults ranging from 120-400 mm TL. The head and body are very compressed, the snout is slightly upturned, the mouth large and oblique and the eye is large. The dorsal and anal fins are of similar length and nearly symmetrical. The caudal fin is emarginate or shallowly forked and the pectoral fin is rounded. There are 34-44 lateral line scales, 5-6 dorsal spines, (13)14-15 dorsal rays, 6-7 anal spines, 116-18 anal rays and 13 pectoral rays. The dorsum is dark olive with emerald and purple sheens and the side is silvery-white. The lateral blotches and bars are brown to black and the dusky areas in the median fins are black. The breeding male is darker and more boldly marked *4205*. Reproduction: This species is mature at ages 2 or 3 with life span of 7-9 years *4205,2574*. The males construct and guard the nests *4205,2574*. Spawning begins from March-July with water temperatures from 16-20 degrees C *2574*. The gestation period is from 42-93 hours, depending on the water temperature (14-23 degrees C) *2121,1178*. Fecundity averages 30,000 eggs per year, and varies with fish size *2576,2588,2571*. Nests have been observed at average depths from 10 to 420 cm *2574*. Spawning occurs on a hard or soft bottom, in open areas or under banks or other cover at depths of .1-6.1 meters. The egs are .82-.92 mm in diameter and range from 2900-213,000 with a total of 13,000-326,000 *4205*. Behavior: This species tends to congregate around submerged trees, stumps, brush, aquatic vegetation, and boulders *2574*. They express territoriality during the breeding season and the males establish and defend a territory of roughly 1 meter *2121,1230,1178*. The male makes a nest by sweeping away loose silt, with the nest location usually under some sort of protective cover *2121,835,1230,2486*. This species show little substrate preference *2121, 1230*. They nest in colonies *835,2486*. The male charges intruders, and a female will not retreat if she is ready to spawn. The female will circle the nest and then swim along side the male. She will then swim under and press upwards into the male. The ova and sperm are then released into or onto the surrounding substrate/vegetation *2121,1230*. The male will defend the nest until the larvae leave *835,2121,2199,2571*. Origin: This species is transplanted in Virginia *4205*. Population parameters: Among young fish there are more males than females, and among old fish more females than males *2571*. Aquatic/terrestrial associations: Hybrids are P. annularis x Centrarchis macropterus and P. annularis x P. nigromaculatus *1178*. TN00343POPULATION PARAMETERS: SPECIES FREQUENTLY BECOMES OVERABUNDANT AND STUNTS AT A SMALL SIZE, PARTICULARLY IN SMALL IMPOUNDMENTS *TN5324* *TN5311* *TN5309* STUNTING RELATED TO FORMATION OF LARGE YEAR-CLASSES AT IRREGULAR INTERVALS *TN5306*, GROWTH RATES RETARDED WHEN AVAILABLE HABITAT IS REDUCED DURING SUMMER STRATIFICATION *TN5302*, IN A TEXAS RESERVOIR, PRODUCTION WAS VERY LOW (6.1 KGHAYEAR) AND STANDING CROP VARIED SEASONALLY FROM 17 TO 59 KGHA *TN5307*, AVERAGE LENGTHS OF WHITE CRAPPIE AT EACH ANNULUS IN A STUNTED TENNESSEE POPULATION WERE 113, 158, 180, 188, 196, 199, AND 226 MM *TN5228* OTHER: FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPTH DISTRIBUTION INCLUDE TEMPERATURE *TN5308*, DISSOLVED OXYGEN *TN5322* *TN5308* AND TURBIDITY *TN5310* FINAL TEMPERATURE PREFERENDUM LIES BETWEEN 18-20 DEGREES C *TN5214*, A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON WHITE CRAPPIE IS GIVEN BY *TN5225*, LYMPHOCYSTIS DISEASE HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED IN WHITE CRAPPIE *TN5315*, RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM WAS TAKEN UP RAPIDLY BY THE FLESH AND BONES OF WHITE CRAPPIE IN THE CLINCH RIVER *TN5329*, SIMILAR RESULTS WERE OBTAINED WHEN AGING WHITE CRAPPIE IN A TENNESSEE RESERVOIR USING SCALES AND OTOLITHS *TN5338*, BUT OTOLITHS ARE CONSIDERED BETTER IN MORE SOUTHERN LATITUDES *TN5330*
| Life History |
References for Life History Codes
2574, 2121, 1178, 835, 2576, 2584, 2199, 1230, 2486, 2588, 2571, CPC1, 4205
Comments on Life History Codes