TN00348 CUMBERLAND MONKEY FACE PEARLY MUSSEL QUADRULA I NTERMEDIA
Physical description: This species is medium sized, and subquadrate to subrtriangulate in outline *3975*. The beaks are moderately high but not full and located in the anterior third of the shell. The posterior-dorsal surface is rounded but interrupted by the sinus formed by the radial depres- sion. The posterior ridge is slightly elevated above the outline of the shell anteriorly, but marked by a deep wide, radial depression along the posterior- dorsal margin. The valves are typically flat and compressed with a deep beak cavity. The outer surface of the shell has numerous tubercles or knobs except toward the anterior portion of the shell. The outer covering of the shell (periostracum) is greenish-yellow with numerous green spots, chevrons, or zig- zags, sometimes with broken green rays. The nacre color is generally white, straw colored, or salmon in color. The glochidia have a delicate shell with valves shaped like the bowl of a blunt spoon *JRK1*. Reproduction: The male releases sperm into water currents, and the eggs are fertilized inside the gill cavity of the female when she siphons the water into her gills *3975*. Behavior: Dispersal is during the larval stage only by the movement of the host species *2100*. This species is sedentary by nature. It has a lifespan of 50 plus years *JRK1*. Origin: This species is native *3895*. It is presently known only from the large tributaries of the Tennessee River including the Duck, Elk, and Powell Rivers *JRK1*. Limiting factors: Impoundment, siltation and pollution are limiting factors *3975*. The host fish is unknown *JRK1*. TN00348PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: SHELL IS MEDIUM-SIZED, SUBELLIPTICAL, SUBORBICULAR OR SUBQUADRATE IN OUTLINE, VALVES ARE CONVEX TO SUBINFLATED, BEAKS ARE MODERATELY HIGH BUT NOT FULL AND LOCATED IN THE ANTERIOR THIRD OF THE SHELL, ANTERIOR END AND VENTRAL MARGIN OF THE SHELL ARE ROUNDED, POSTERIOR-DORSAL SURFACE IS ROUNDED BUT INTERRUPTED BY THE SINUS FORMED BY THE RADIAL DEPRESSION, POSTERIOR RIDGE IS ONLY SLIGHTLY ELEVATED ABOVE THE OUTLINE OF THE SHELL ANTERIORLY, BUT MARKED BY A DEEP, WIDE, RADIAL DEPRESSION ALONG THE POSTERIOR-DORSAL MARGIN, RADIAL DEPRESSION ENDS IN A DEEP ROUNDED SINUS, SURFACE IS USUALLY WELL COVERED WITH LARGE ELEVATED WARTS OR TUBERCLES EXCEPT ON THE ANTERIOR THIRD OF THE SHELL, EPIDERMIS IS GREENISH-YELLOW TO YELLOWISH-GREEN, DARKENING WITH AGE IN SOME INDIVIDUALS, AND VARIGATED WITH FINE ANGULAR GREEN SPOTS, CHEVRONS OR ZIG- ZAGS, SOMETIMES WITH BROKEN GREEN RAYS, RIGHT VALVE HAS ONE LARGE RADIALLY STRIATE PSEUDOCARDINAL TOOTH SEPARATED FROM A BROAD INTERDENTUM BY A DEEP NOTCH, LATERAL TOOTH IS SINGLE, SOMETIMES WITH A VESTIGIAL TOOTH BELOW, LEFT VALVE HAS TWO RADIALLY STRIATE PSEUDOCARDINAL TEETH, WITH TWO LATERAL TEETH, BEAK CAVITY IS DEEP AND VERY COMPRESSED, MUSCLE SCARS ARE IMPRESSED, NACRE IS WHITE TO STRAW-COLORED OR SALMON, SHELL IS THINNER AND IRIDESCENT BEHIND *TN5587* REPRODUCTION: OTHER QUADRULA SPECIES ARE TACHYTICTIC, BREEDING FROM MAY TO JULY *TN5587*
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References for Life History Codes
3895, 2100, 3975, JRK1, 4274, 8826, 8823, 8825
Comments on Life History Codes