(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - SUCKER, MODOC
OTHER COMMON NAMES - SUCKER and MODOC
ELEMENT CODE -
CATEGORY - Fish
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - CHORDATA,
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - OSTEICHTHYES,
ORDER AND SUBORDER - CYPRINIFORMES,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - CATOSTOMIDAE,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - CATOSTOMUS,
SPECIES AND SSP - MICROPS,
SCIENTIFIC NAME - CATOSTOMUS MICROPS
AUTHORITY -
TAXONOMY REFERENCES -
COMMENTS ON TAXONOMY -
Modoc Sucker
Catostomus microps Rutter, 1908
KINGDOM: Animal GROUP: Fish
PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Osteichthyes
ORDER: Cypriniformes FAMILY: Catostomidae
Catostomus microps is a small (SL to 190 mm) sucker with
small eyes (2-6 mm diam.), located in the middle of the head
(01). Scales are fine: scales in lateral line, 80-89; scales
above lateral line, 15-19; scales below lateral line, 9-12 (01,02).
Its low dorsal ray count (10-11, sometimes 12), distinguishes it from
most other Catostomus spp. in California. Other ray counts are as
follows: anal, 7; pelvic, 8-10; pectoral, 13-17; caudal, 18-19 (01,
02). Gill rakers range from 18-26 (01,02). Lips are moderate, with
2 rows of papillae (infrequently 3-4) upper lip only slight (if
present) notches between upper lip and lower lip, a deep medial notch
on lower lip, separated from the cartilaginous sheath of the lower
jaw by 1-2 continuous rows of papillae (01,02). The frontanelle on
the top of the head is closed, or nearly so (03). Axillary process is
absent from pelvics (01,03).
The back of the Modoc sucker is from deep gray to bluish greenish
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
brown (01,03). Sides lighten to yellow or white on the belly (01,03).
Caudal and paired fins are light yellowish-orange (01). There are
three dark spots along the sides near the lateral line (01).
Breeding males develop some color in lateral stripe and some
tubercles, but not to the same extent as do males (04,05).
There are no other scientific names for the Modoc sucker. Its
scientific nomenclature has never been subject to change or question
(08).
Three type specimens of Modoc sucker were collected in 1898 by
Rutter and Chamberlain (Type no. 58496, U.S. National Museum) (06).
Hubbs collected 27 more in 1934 (UMMZ#130643) (07). Detailed
descriptions of the Modoc sucker can be found in Rutter 1908 (05, with
figures), Miller 1961, (07), Martin 1972 (01), Moyle 1976 (03, with
figure), and Ford 1977 (02).
Taxonomy - 2 (DRAFT) - Status
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
STATUS
Coded Status
E: Federal Endangered
COMMENTS ON STATUS -
U.S. STATUSES AND LAWS:
The Modoc sucker (Catostomus microps) has been designated an
Endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973
(50 CFR 17.11; P.L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1540), as
amended. The species has this status wherever found including the
State of California. Critical Habitat has been designated in
intermittent and permanent water and adjacent land areas that provide
vegetation for cover and protection from soil erosion of all or
portions of: Turner Creek, Hulbert Creek, Cedar Creek, Washington
Creek, Coffee Mill Gulch, Johnson Creek, Higgins and Rice Flats, and
Rush Creek, Modoc County, CA (50 CFR 17.95(e)).
This species is protected by the Lacey Act (P.L. 97-79, as
amended; 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.) which makes it unlawful to import,
export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any wild
animal (alive or dead including parts, products, eggs, or offspring):
(1) in interstate or foreign commerce if taken, possessed,
transported or sold in violation of any State law or
regulation; or
(2) if taken or possessed in violation of any U.S. law,
treaty, or regulation or in violation of Indian tribal law.
It is also unlawful to possess any wild animal (alive or dead
including parts, products, eggs, and offspring) within the U.S.
territorial or special maritime jurisdiction (as defined in
18 U.S.C. 7) that is taken, possessed, transported, or sold in
violation of any State law or regulation, foreign law, or Indian
tribal law.
RESPONSIBLE FEDERAL AGENCIES:
USFWS -Responsible for the management/recovery, listing, and
law enforcement/protection of this species.
BLM -Responsible for the law enforcement/protection of this
species with applicable State and Federal laws on
public land under their control (43 CFR 4140). Also
responsible for management/recovery on Bureau of Land
Management lands.
USFS -Responsible for the law enforcement/protection of this
species with applicable State and Federal laws on
public lands under their control. Also responsible
for management/recovery on Forest Service lands. The
Forest Service is responsible for integrating
management, protection, and conservation of Federally
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
listed species into the Forest Planning process
(36 CFR 219.19 and 219.20). Management practices
that would cause detrimental changes in water
temperature or composition, water course blockage, or
sediment deposits within 100 feet of the edges of
perennial streams, lakes or other bodies of water are
prohibited (36 CFR 219.27(e)).
All Federal agencies have responsibility to ensure that any
action authorized, funded, or carried out by that agency is not likely
to jeopardize the continued existence of the species or result in the
destruction or adverse modification of Critical Habitat (50 CFR 402),
and to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the
conservation of the species.
STATE STATUSES AND LAWS:
STATE: California
DESIGNATED STATUS: Endangered
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY: (CA) Department of Fish and Game
STATE STATUTE: (CA) Endangered Species Act; Fish and Game Code
Chapt. 1.5, Art. 1, Sect. 2050.
INTERNATIONAL STATUSES, TREATIES, AND AGREEMENTS:
The Modoc Sucker is listed as rare in the IUCN Red Data Book,
vol. 4, 1977.
ECONOMIC STATUSES:
None.
83/06/14:48 FR 27273/27274 - Proposed listing.
85/06/11:50 FR 24526/24530 - Listed Endangered with Critical Habitat
Status - 2 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
HABITAT - AQUATIC
INLAND AQUATIC
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTRY TYPES
SAF TYPE STAGE CLOSURE
Interior Ponderosa Pine mature tree
LAND USE -
Residential
Cropland and Pasture
Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries,
Mixed Rangeland
Evergreen Forest Land
Streams and Canals
Reservoirs
Forested Wetland
Nonforested Wetland
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Riverine, intermittent UB3
Riverine, intermittent UB2
Riverine, intermittent UB1
Riverine, intermittent SB3
Riverine, intermittent SB2
Riverine, intermittent SB1
Riverine, intermittent OW0
Riverine, intermittent OW0
Riverine, intermittent FL6
Riverine, intermittent AB2
4AB
Riverine, lower perennial UB3
Riverine, lower perennial UB2
Riverine, lower perennial UB1
Riverine, lower perennial OW0
Riverine, lower perennial OW0
Riverine, lower perennial FL6
Riverine, lower perennial AB2
Riverine, lower perennial AB1
Palustrine SS1
Palustrine FL1
Palustrine EM1
COMMENTS ON HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS -
Historically the region where the Modoc sucker is found
is in a land of volcanic activity (02). The drainages are
characterized by mountain meadows and valleys lying between parallel
mountain ranges of volcanic history (03). Annual precipitation at
the lowest elevation ranges around 40 cm, 25% of which is snow, with
higher levels found at higher elevations (02).
The Modoc sucker occurs primarily in sections of stream with low
or intermittent flow, or pools of the meadowlands (02,03,14).
Vegetation in valleys and meadow grasslands are covered with sagebrush
(Artemisia tridentata) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis)
(08). Forested areas are mostly ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa),
Habitat Associations - 1 Jeffery pine (Pinus jeffreyi), California black oak (Quercus
kelloggii), California incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens), and white
fir (Abies concolor) (08). Riparian vegetation occurs in scattered
remnant areas, and is comprised of black cottonwood (Populus
trichocarpa), quaking aspen (P. tremuloides), willows (Salix spp.),
and tall grasses, all of which provide cover (02). In general, sites
where Modoc suckers have been found are characterized by the
following: low flows (intermittent in some); largely shallow pools;
muddy bottoms; partial shade trees, shrubs, boulders, or undercut
banks; abundant cover from riparian vegetation and undercut banks;
and moderately clear water (14). Portions of the Modoc sucker habitat
in Rush Creek run through a small residential subdivision, farmland
(irrigated fields of hay and alfalfa) and pasture. A Christmas tree
farm is adjacent to the Johnson Creek population. Possible
populations may occur in association with Moon Lake and Dorris
Reservoir.
Specifically, Modoc suckers on the average were found in streams
with the following conditions (mean +/- s.d.): elevation, 1,382.00
(+/- 79.00 m); average depth, 0.44 m (+/- 0.31 m); maximum depth,
063 m (+/- 0.63 m); width, 2.92 m (+/- 1.57 m); flow, 113.26
(+/- 83.81 l/sec); turbidity (ranked 1-5), 2.50 (+/- 0.60); aquatic
vegetation, 7% of area (+/- 15%); pools, 62% of area (+/- 35%);
riffles, 33% 0f area (+/- 3%); substrate of 30% of mud (+/- 30%), 11
pct. sand (+/- 14%), 25% rubble (+/- 25%), 8% boulder (+/- 17%); and
19-28% shade (14). Water temeratures (summer and fall) range from
7.8 deg. Celsius (fall) to 23.3 deg. Celsius (summer) (02). Water
chemistry is as follows: pH ranges from 7.0-9.0; dissolved oxygen,
10-16 mg/l; NaCl, 12.5-25.0 mg/l; Cl, 7.6-15.2 mg/l; total alkalinity
(as CaCO3), 76-235 mg/l; total hardness (as CaCO3), 68-222 mg/l (02).
Spawning, observed only in Johnson Creek, occurs over coarse
fine gravel in the lower end of pools with abundant cover. Water
temperatures range from 13.3-16.1 deg. Celsius (04).
There is some evidence from Johnson and Washington Creeks of
upstream migration by Modoc suckers to small intermittent tributaries,
such as Higgins and Rice Flats, during spawning season (04). Also,
a possible spawning migration of Modoc suckers has been observed from
Moon (Lake) Reservoir upstream into Cedar Creek, but conclusive
identification of the suckers has not been determined (02).
Year-round studies of habitat usage and more studies of spawning
behavior need to be accompished to describe fully the required habitat
of the Modoc sucker. Determinations of physiological limitations also
need to be performed before further speculation on preferred habitat
can be made. The extent of habitat destruction in the past makes such
speculation difficult.
Habitat Associations - 2 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
OMNIVORE
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
General Detritus
General Diatoms
General Algae
General Arthropods
General Crustaceans
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G
G Aquatic Features: Pool areas
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
LIFE HISTORY
FOOD HABITS:
The diet of the Modoc sucker comprises the following volume:
detritus, 47%; diatoms, 19%; filamentous algae, 10%; chironomid
larvae, 18%; crustaceans, 4% (mostly amphipods and cydorid
cladocerans); and aquatic insect larvae, 2% (mostly tricopteran
larvae) (14). This omnivorous diet is typical of suckers of the
genus Catostomus, and the food items are characteristic flora and
fauna of pools.
Adult suckers usually remain on the bottom or close to it (01).
This and the morphological features of having an anal fin that can be
folded so as to not interfere with substrate contact, large numbers of
papillae and taste buds on the downward turned mouth, limited
eyesight, and the position of the eyes in the middle of the head are
all indicators of bottom feeding habits (01).
Determinations of different diets for the different life stages
or during different seasons have not yet been made. Studies comparing
preferred foods with available foods have not been made. However,
insects and crustaceans are assumed to be preferred food items based
on the typical diet of suckers (Catostomus).
HOME RANGE/TERRITORY:
The Modoc sucker is gregarious at all ages, being found in large
groups in pools (02,15). Even during spawning no territoriality or
aggressive behavior has been observed (04).
There is no information available on home ranges, but during the
summer months the fish probably are confined to single pools or
short sections of stream (13).
PERIODICITY:
Except with respect to spawning behavior, much information is
not available on periodicity of activity of the Modoc sucker.
However, the Modoc has been noted feeding diurnally (02,14).
Spawning usually occurs from mid-April to the last week in May or
first week in June (04). Spawning activity has been observed from
mid-morning to late afternoon (04).
MIGRATION PATTERNS:
There is some evidence from Johnson and Washington Creeks of
upstream migration by Modoc suckers to small intermittent tributaries
during spawning season, which goes from mid-April to the last week in
May or the first week on June (04). These spawning migrations,
0.5-1.5 km in length, may depend on temperature and water quality,
although more information needs to be obtained on the relationship
between water conditions and fish movements (04). Movements of fry
to the main stream of the creeks have not been recorded.
A possible spawning migration of Modoc suckers has been observed
from Moon (Lake) Reservoir upstream into Cedar Creek, but conclusive
identification of the suckers has not been determined (02).
COVER/SHELTER REQUIREMENTS:
Modoc suckers require cover to avoid avian, aquatic, and
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
terrestrial predators (02). Deep pools (over 50 cm) provide cover
from kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon) and herons (Ardea herodias) (13).
Cover along the edges comes from undercut banks (08,13) and riparian
vegeation of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), quaking aspen
(P. tremuloides), and especially willows (Salix spp.), grasses,
rushes, and sedges, plus overhanging branches and roots (02). Logs
and boulders washed into the creeks also provide cover (02,10,13).
REPRODUCTIVE SITE REQUIREMENTS:
Spawning sites of Modoc suckers have so far been identified only
in pools of tributaries to Johnson Creek and Washington Creek (04).
Flows in the pools were low (42-57 l/sec) (04). Pool depths averaged
from 0.46-0.61 m (04). The substrate of the spawning site in the
pool comprised 60-70% fine gravel (0.25-2.5 cm); 0-10% large gravel
(2.5-7.4 cm); and 20-40% sand, silt, and detritus (04). Water
temperatures at time of observed spawning ranged from 13.3-20.5 deg.
Celsius (04). Water chemistry of the pools is as follows: pH ranged
from 8.0-8.5; dissolved oxygen, 11-12 mg/l; dissolved CO2, 10-15 mg/l;
alkalinity, 68-86 mg/l; hardness, 86 mg/l; Cl-, 15.5 mg/l; and NaCl,
25 mg/l (04). Spawning was observed in the lower end of the pools
(04). Poolside cover consisted of grasses, undercut banks, rushes,
sedges, junipers, and willows (04).
REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS:
Spawning season of the Modoc sucker is from mid-April to the last
week of May or first week of June (04). Sexual maturity in both
sexes appears to occur at age 3, although some precocious 2 year old
males have been found (14). Maximum breeding age is assumed to
coincide with life expectancy, which is age 4, the oldest specimen
caught being age 5 (03). Fecundities appear to be high for the size
of the female: 6395 and 12,590 in two females, 162 and 165 mm SL,
respectively (04). When spawning, one female is surrounded by 2-3
males, then they all vibrate their bodies for 6-8 second intervals
during which milt and eggs are released and assumed to adhere to
gravel (04). Males may stimulate females with breeding tubercles
(04). Spawning has been observed from mid-morning to late afternoon
(04). The period of fry emergence has not been determined.
PARENTAL CARE:
No parental care is exhibited by any member of the family
Catostomidae (13). Nothing is known about the early life history of
Modoc suckers untill fish 10-15 mm long are observed in the same
pools as adult suckers, feeding on the bottom (13). Larvae probably
occur in shallow water among emergent vegetation (13).
POPULATION BIOLOGY:
Current limiting factors to Modoc sucker populations (in streams
from Sacramento suckers [Catostomus occidentalis] are excluded) are
probably predation, spawning habitat, and cover for adults,
especially large pools (02,13). Average life expectancy is 4 years,
with the oldest specimen collected being 5 years old (03). Other
parameters of population biology have not been determined.
Life History - 2 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
SPECIES INTERRELATIONSHIPS:
Probable predators of the Modoc sucker are: the belted kingfisher
(Megaceryle alcyon) (02), great blue heron (Ardea herodias) (02),
garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans elegans, Thamnophis sirtalis,
presumably on young) (02), brown trout (Salmo trutta) (05,14), pit
sculpin (Cottus pitensis, presumably on young) (14), Sacramento
squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis, infequently found) (09). Brown
trout are an introduced species and the only species for which the
Modoc suckers have been documented as part of the diet (13).
Identfied prey animals are chironmid larvae, amphipods, chydorid
cladocerans, and tricopteran larvae (14). Identified external
parasites are anchor worms (Lernaea cyprinacea) and "black spot"
trematode (Strigeidae sp. or spp.) (02). The Sacramento sucker
(Catostomus occidentalis) hybridizes with the Modoc sucker (02), and
may be a competitor for spawning sites and food. Speckled dace
(Rhinichthys osculus) are always abundant in Modoc sucker areas and
may offer some competition for food and cover to young suckers, but
may also serve as a "buffer species" for predators.
Other fish species commonly found with Modoc suckers are:
pit sculpin (Cottus pitensis), redband trout (Salmo sp.),
California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus), rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri), and, rarely, hardhead (Mylopharadon conocephalus).
Yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) are common as both adults and
tadpoles in Modoc sucker streams. However, none of these species are
known to interact with Modoc suckers in any significant fashion
(13,14).
OTHER LIFE HISTORY DESCRIPTORS:
Even in areas where they are abundant, Modoc suckers seldom
dominate the fish fauna (14).
It should be emphasized again that the population of suckers
seen in Cedar Creek and Moon Reservoir have not been positively
identified as being Modoc suckers. Initial meristic counts suggest
that they are Modoc suckers (13), but the possibility of suckers being
either hybrids (Modoc sucker x Sacramento sucker) or tahoe suckers
(Catostomus tahoensis) still exists (13).
Life History - 3 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RESULT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Beneficial Regulating Water Temperature
Beneficial Developing/maintaining stream structures
Beneficial Maintaining/Controlling Water Flow
Beneficial Developing/maintaining/protecting wetlands
Beneficial Controlling water levels
Beneficial Controlling/Restricting Road Maintainance Actions
Beneficial Land Acquisition
Beneficial Controlling/Restricting Agricultural Practice
Beneficial Reforestation
Beneficial Restricting Timber Harvest
Beneficial Transplanting wild animals
Beneficial Controlling/Removing Exotic Vertebrates
Beneficial Controlling/Removing Domestic Animals
Adverse Low Gene Pool
Existing Low Gene Pool
Adverse Hybridization
Existing Hybridization
Adverse Predation
Existing Predation
Adverse Soil compaction by heavy equipment in mine areas
Existing Soil compaction by heavy equipment in mine areas
Adverse Siltation
Existing Siltation
Adverse Flooding
Existing Flooding
Adverse Irrigating
Existing Irrigating
Adverse Dredging
Existing Dredging
Adverse Developing/maintaining stream bank vegetation
Existing Developing/maintaining stream bank vegetation
Adverse Exotic/Feral/Introducted Species
Existing Exotic/Feral/Introducted Species
Adverse Erosion
Existing Erosion
Adverse Grazing
Existing Grazing
Adverse
Existing
Adverse Vegetation Composition Changes
Existing Vegetation Composition Changes
COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -
The Modoc sucker is endangered because of its very restricted
distribution combined with destruction of habitat, including
destruction of natural barriers to other Catostomus spp. Modoc
suckers are known from only a few widley separated tributary systems
to the upper Pit River: the Rush-Ash Creek system and the Washington-
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
Turner-Hulbert system (02,03). Road construction and channelization
of Rush Creek in 1966, and subsequently, has caused habitat loss
through elimination of pools and cover resulting in reduced numbers of
fish and biomass (05,09,10,11). A major portion of the Rush Creek
Modoc sucker habitat is on privately owned land used for grazing sheep
and cattle, which trample streambanks, thereby causing destruction of
habitat through increased erosion of streambanks, ingestion of aquatic
and riparian vegetation needed as cover, and siltation (03,05,08,11,
12). Destruction of natural barriers to the Sacramento sucker
(C. occidentalis) by flooding areas for the creation of pastures, and
by channelization, has resulted in losses through hybridization and
backcrossing in several of the Modoc sucker streams (02,05,08,11,12,
13). Diversions of water for irrigation reduce the number and sizes
of pools available to the Modoc suckers (02). Introductions of brown
trout (Salmo trutta) have added to the predation pressure on the
Modoc sucker (05,08,11,13).
Destruction of habitat due to overgrazing and limited
distribution of pure populations of the Modoc sucker still threaten
the species (02,12).
Continued habitat destruction due to overgrazing, reduced water
for pools, and further hybridization result in low population numbers
and a reduction in the gene pool for pure population and are the
future threats to the Modoc sucker.
UNAPPROVED PLAN:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983. An Action Plan for Recovery
of the Modoc Sucker (Catostomus microps). U.S. Fish and Wildl.
Serv., Sacramento, CA. 14 pp.
A modoc sucker recovery team has been formed to facilitate
recovery of this endangered species. The team is comprised of
representatives from: the Modoc National Forest, California Dept. of
Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Soil
Conservation Service. The action plan developed by this group is
not considered an "official" approved recovery plan, but it is
serving as a base structure for recovery and delisting of this
species. Recovery actions are such that they fall under two main
objectives: (1) protection of existing populations and (2)
establishment of at least two additional populations. A break down of
actions are as follows:
Objective (1) - Protection of existing populations by:
1. Reduction of timber sales in and around sucker habitat.
2. Habitat revegetation and land rehabilitation.
3. Control and restriction of agricultural practices (causing
siltation).
4. Control and restriction of road maintenance actions.
5. Maintenance of the water table and flow.
6. Wetland management and modification.
7. Stream bank/channel modification.
8. Control and removal of exotic brown trout.
9. Control and removal of cattle which have caused damage to
Management Practices - 2 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
surrounding habitat by over-grazing.
Objective (2) - Establishment of two additional populations by:
1. Land acquistion (mainly private land Johnson and Dutch Flat
Creeks).
2. Fencing and bank stabilization along Dutch Flat Creek.
3. Transplantation of wild individuals to Johnson and Dutch
Flat Creeks.
Recent recovery actions have included: (1) removal of Sacramento
sucker from Turner Creek, (2) installation of fish barriers on Turner
and Johnson Creeks, (3) fencing and reduction of cattle grazing along
Washington and Johnson Creeks, and (4) monitoring of populations.
Management Practices - 3 (DRAFT) - References
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
References
***** REFERENCES FOR ALL NARRATIVES EXCEPT N-OCCURRENCE *****
01 Martin, M. 1972. Morphology and variation of the Modoc sucker,
Catostomus microps Rutter, with notes on feeding adaptations.
Calif. Fish and Game 58(4):277-284.
02 Ford, T. 1977. Status summary report on the Modoc sucker
(Catostomus microps Rutter). Unpubl. rpt. Modoc Nat. For., 45 pp.
03 Moyle, P. 1976. Inland Fishes of California. Univ. of Calif.
Press, Berkeley. 405 pp.
04 Boccone, V., and T. Mills. 1979. Spawning behavior and spawning
substrate preference of the Modoc sucker, Catostomus microps
(Rutter). Inland Fish. End. Spec. Prog. Special Publ. 79-2,
Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game. 33 pp.
05 Cooper, J.J., D.L. Koch, and E.L. Lider. 1978. A fishery
investigation of the Modoc sucker (Catostomus microps) and the
rough sculpin (Cottus asperrimus) in the Pitt River drainage
between Turner Creek and Juniper Creek, Lassen and Modoc Counties,
California. Univ. of Nev., Desert Res. Inst., Biores. Center Publ.
No. 50002, 76 pp.
06 Rutter, C. 1908. The fishes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin basin,
with a study of their distribution and variation. Bull. U.S. Bur.
Fish. 27(637):103-152.
07 Miller, R. 1961. Man and the changing fish fauna of the
American southwest. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters.
46:365-404.
08 Mills, T.J. 1980. Life history, status, and management of the
Modoc sucker, Catostomus microps (Rutter) in California, with
a recommendation for endangered classification. Calif. Dept. of
Fish and Game, Inland Fish. End. Spec. Prog., Spec. Publ. 80-6.
35 pp.
09 Miller, R. 1969. Freshwater fishes. In: Survival Serv. Comm.
Red Data Book, 4-Pisces. IUCN, Morges, Switzerland, pp. 55-56.
10 Moyle, P. 1976. Some effects of channelization on the fishes
and invertabrates of Rush Creek, Modoc County, California. Calif.
Fish and Game 62(3):179-186.
11 Cooper, J.J. 1983. Distributional ecology of native and
introduced fishes of the Pit River system, Northeastern California,
with notes on the Modoc sucker. Calif. Fish and Game 69(1):39-53.
12 Chesney, W. 1985. A report to the Modoc sucker management team
concerning Modoc sucker identification problems. Unpubl. rept.
Calif. Dept. Fish and Game. 11 pp.
13 Moyle, P. 1975. Pers. comm. Dept. of Wildl. and Fish. Biol.
Univ. of Calif., Davis. 95616.
14 Moyle, P. and A. Mariochi. 1975. Biology of the Modoc sucker,
Catostomus microps, in norteastern California. Copeia 3:556-560.
15 Moyle, P. 1974. Status of the Modoc sucker (Catostomus microps)
Pisces: Catostomidae. Cal-Neva Wildlife. pp. 35-38.
***** REFERENCES FOR N-OCCURRENCE NARRATIVE ONLY *****
References - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species SUCKER, MODOC
Species Id ESIS251011
Date 14 MAR 96
01 Moyle, P. 1973. Field notes. Dept. of Wildl. and Fish. Biol.,
Univ. of Calf., Davis.
02 Boccone, V., and T. Mills. 1979. Spawning behavior and spawning
substrate preference of the Modoc sucker, Catostomus microps
(Rutter). Inland Fish. End. Spec. Prog. Spec. Publ. 79-2, Calif.,
Dept. of Fish and Game. 33 pp.
03 Ford, T. 1977. Status summary report on the Modoc sucker
(Catostomus microps Rutter). Unpubl. rept. Modoc Nat. For.
45 pp.
04 Moyle, P. 1975. Field notes. Dept. of Wildl. and Fish. Biol.
Univ. of Calif., Davis.
05 Csuti, B. Correspondence September 3,1983., [To: Peter Moyle,
Dept. of Fish and Game, Nat. Diversity Data Base, Planning Branch,
Sacramento, CA 95814].
06 Moyle, P. 1975. Pers. comm. Dept. of Wildl. and Fish. Biol.
Univ. of Calif., Davis.
07 Williams, J. 1986. Pers. comm. End. Spec. Prog., U.S. Fish and
Wildl. Serv., Sacramento, CA 95825.
References - 2