(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
OTHER COMMON NAMES - CHUB, TUI, HUTTON; ROACH; CHUB, HUTTON SPRING;CHUB, TUI, HUTTON SPRING; CHUB, TUI, HUTTON SPRINGS; OREGON TUI CHUB OF HUTTON SPRING; CHUB, TUI, OREGON and HUTTON SPRING
ELEMENT CODE -
CATEGORY - Fish
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - CHORDATA,
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - OSTEICHTHYES,
ORDER AND SUBORDER - CYPRINIFORMES,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - CYPRINIDAE,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - GILA,
SPECIES AND SSP - BICOLOR, SSP.
SCIENTIFIC NAME - GILA BICOLOR SSP.
AUTHORITY -
TAXONOMY REFERENCES -
COMMENTS ON TAXONOMY -
Hutton Tui Chub
Gila bicolor ssp. (Girard, 1857)
KINGDOM: Animal GROUP: Fish
PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Osteichthyes
ORDER: Cypriniformes FAMILY: Cyprinidae
The morphological description below is taken from Bills (03) and
the laboratory and field notes of C.E. Bond (18). The Hutton tui chub
is an undescribed subspecies of Gila bicolor (Girard) 1857.
The Hutton tui chub is robust, with the greatest depth of body
immediately behind the head. The head is large, its length 0.30 to
0.31 m standard length (SL) and the depth 0.20 m (SL). The eye
appears large and is usually slightly more than 0.06 m (SL). Fin rays
are as follows: dorsal, 8; anal, 8; pelvic, 9-10; pectoral, 15-18.
Lateral line scales are about 54. Other counts are: gill rakers,
10-16; vertebrae, 37-42 (usually 41); pharyngeal teeth, 5-4. The
subspecies has the heaviest, strongest pharyngeal teeth of any Gila
bicolor known. Pigmentation usually dark, brassy. Mouth lining and
tongue purplish.
Although the synonymy of Gila bicolor is complex, the Hutton tui
chub has been known by only a few names so no attempt will be made to
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
give an extended Gila bicolor synonymy. Following is a chronology
of the names that have applied, directly or indirectly, to the
Hutton tui chub. Snyder, in 1908 (14), described the formes from
XL Spring, Chewaucan River, Ana River, Bridge Creek, Warner Creek,
and the spring at Alkali Lake (=Hutton Spring) and named them as
Rutilus oregonensis. In 1913 Fowler (07) applied the name Rutilus
formosus to some of the forms, but not, apparently to those from
Alkali Lake. Snyder (15) subsequently in 1917 used the name
Siphateles oregonensis, and in 1935 Schultz and DeLacy (13)
synonymized oregonensis with bicolor and regarded it to have
subspecific status, so the name became Siphateles bicolor oregonensis.
Hubbs and Miller (08) considered bicolor to be synonym of obesus
and used the name Siphateles obesus oregonensis in 1942.
Bailey and Uyeno, in 1964 (01), merged Siphateles with Gila so
that the name became Gila bicolor oregonensis. Bills (03) showed in
1977 that the Hutton tui chub is distinct on at least the subspecific
level from the other forms of the nominal G. b. oregonsis. The form
has no subspecific name as yet, so it is called Gila bicolor ssp. in
current works. Thus the most significant synonyms used in the past 50
years are the following:
1. for the species:
Siphateles obesus Girard, 1857
Siphateles bicolor Girard, 1857
Gila bicolor Girard, 1857
Siphateles oregonensis Snyder, 1908
2. for the subspecies:
Siphateles bicolor oregonensis Snyder, 1908
S. obesus oregonensis Snyder, 1908
Gila bicolor oregonensis Snyder, 1908
Other common names include; roach, Hutton Spring chub, Oregon
tui chub of Hutton Spring, Hutton Spring tui chub, and Hutton Springs
tui chub.
Specimens in the fish collection, Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife, Oregon State University bear the following catalog numbers:
4208, 10203, 7756, 4209, 5005, 5158, 5136. Photographs are in
F. Bills' thesis (03) and in Deacon, et al. 1979 (05).
Taxonomy - 2 (DRAFT) - Status
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
STATUS
Coded Status
T: Federal Threatened
COMMENTS ON STATUS -
U.S. STATUSES AND LAWS:
The Hutton tui chub (Gila bicolor ssp.) has been designated as
Threatened pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973
(50 CFR 17.11; P.L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1540), as
amended. The subspecies has this status wherever found including the
State of Oregon.
Special rules concerning "take" for this subspecies can be found
in 50 CFR 17.44(j).
This subspecies is protected by the Lacey Act (P.L. 97-79, as
amended; 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.) which makes it unlawful to import,
export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any wild
animal (alive or dead including parts, products, eggs, or offspring):
(1) in interstate or foreign commerce if taken, possessed,
transported or sold in violation of any State law or
regulation, or foreign law; or
(2) if taken or possessed in violation of any U.S. law,
treaty, or regulation or in violation of Indian tribal law.
It is also unlawful to possess any wild animal (alive or dead
including parts, products, eggs, and offspring) within the U.S.
territorial or special maritime jurisdiction (as defined in
18 U.S.C. 7) that is taken, possessed, transported, or sold in
violation of any State law or regulation, foreign law, or Indian
tribal law.
RESPONSIBLE FEDERAL AGENCIES:
USFWS -Responsible for the management/recovery, listing, and
law enforcement/protection of this species.
All Federal agencies have responsibility to ensure that any
action authorized, funded, or carried out by that agency is not likely
to jeopardize the continued existence of the species or result in the
destruction or adverse modification of Critical Habitat (50 CFR 402),
and to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the
conservation of the species.
STATE STATUSES AND LAWS:
STATE: Oregon
DESIGNATED STATUS: Threatened
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
STATE STATUTE: OR Admin. Rules, Chapt. 635, Div. 7; OR Rev.
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
Stat. 496.002-498.029, 506.001-506.518, and
610.002-610.060.
INTERNATIONAL STATUSES, TREATIES, AND AGREEMENTS:
The tui chub (Gila bicolor (subspecies)) is listed as threatened
in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (1986).
ECONOMIC STATUSES:
None.
84/05/17:49 FR 15099/15102 - Proposed Listing
85/03/28:50 FR 12302/12306 - Final Rule: Listed as Threatened
Status - 2 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
HABITAT - AQUATIC
INLAND AQUATIC
LAND USE -
Herbaceous Rangeland
Streams and Canals
Nonforested Wetland
Dry Salt Flats
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Riverine, upper perennial SB2
Riverine, upper perennial FL2
Palustrine OW0
Palustrine EM1
COMMENTS ON HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS -
The Hutton tui chub lives in clear springs and outflow
channels. The size of the springhole of Hutton Spring varies with
excavations made by the owner. It has ranged from 20 feet to nearly
40 feet in diameter (03), and is about 15 feet deep in the center
(17). The smaller spring hole is about 10 feet across and 2 feet
deep (03). Hutton Spring is occupied in part by tules (Scirpus
americanus) and the small spring is surrounded by water parsley
(Oenanthe sp.). Other vegetation present includes sedge (Carex sp.),
saltgrass (Distichlus sp.), and squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix) (11).
The fish use the vegetation and whatever debris is present for cover.
Some of the larger individuals use the deep spring hole as cover (19).
The recorded water temperature is 64 deg. F. (17.7 deg. C.), during
the summer (May - October) (12).
The outflow from the springs form a small area of wetland
adjacent to the sources. This is occupied by grasses, water parsley,
and sedges. The springs are in a grassy rangeland bordered to the
north and west by shrubby rangeland (See 09, for photograph) and to
the east and south by the lake bed of Pluvial Alkali Lake. A low dry
ridge with sagebrush is immediately south of the spring area.
Elevation at the site is 4500 feet.
Habitat Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
OMNIVORE
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
General Algae
General Zooplankton
General Arthropods
General Molluscs
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G
G Aquatic Features: Springs [flowing]
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
LIFE HISTORY
FOOD HABITS:
Juvenile Hutton tui chubs feed on zooplankton of appropriate
size, and apparently feed on small insects as well. At 50 to 60
mm in length, the fishes diet shifts toward plant material and they
remain omnivorous, feeding on vegetation, insects, and gastropods
(03,19).
HOME RANGE/TERRITORY:
Territoriality is not known in this subspecies. The habitat is
so restricted that the concept of home range is probably not
applicable (19).
PERIODICITY:
This fish has been observed as active diurnally (19, 02).
MIGRATION PATTERNS:
No migrations known or suspected because of restricted habitat
(19).
COVER/SHELTER REQUIREMENTS:
Cover utilized by the Hutton tui chub includes Scirpus, Carex and
Oenanthe as well as other aquatic or phreatophytic vegetation and
floating boards (02,03). Some of the larger individuals use the deep
spring hole as cover (19).
REPRODUCTIVE SITE REQUIREMENTS:
Reproduction has not been studied in this subspecies, but
vegetation is the spawning substrate for typical Gila bicolor (10).
Juveniles appear to use shallow margins as nursery areas (02).
Spawning temperature is suspected to be 64 deg. F. (17.7 deg. C.) as
that is the temperature of the spring water (12).
REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS:
No details of reproduction are known, except that fish of 17 mm
have been taken in late July (16), which infers that spawning
probably takes place in May or June. See reference (10) for life
history data for Gila bicolor.
PARENTAL CARE:
No parental care known or suspected.
POPULATION BIOLOGY:
Little is known of the population biology of this subspecies.
The population has been estimated at about 450 individuals (07).
Adult fish are predominantly females: 7 males to 33 females in
Bills' (03) study. The largest specimen in the Oregon State
University Fish Collection (055158) is 152 mm (SL) (12).
SPECIES INTERRELATIONSHIPS:
The main interrelationship with other species would be the use
of the spring area SE of Hutton Spring by cattle. The fish feed
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
on zooplankton, insects, gastropods, and plants. No instances of
predation or parasitism have been observed (19).
OTHER LIFE HISTORY DESCRIPTORS:
None.
Life History - 2 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RESULT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Beneficial Restricting/regulating human disturbance of populations
Beneficial Developing/maintaining stream structures
Beneficial Land Acquisition
Beneficial Water Right Acquisition
Beneficial Controlling pollution [thermal, chemical, physical]
Beneficial Reforestation
Beneficial Controlling/Removing Domestic Animals
Adverse Climate Alteration
Existing Climate Alteration
Adverse Soil compaction by heavy equipment in mine areas
Existing Soil compaction by heavy equipment in mine areas
Adverse Siltation
Existing Siltation
Adverse Irrigating
Existing Irrigating
Adverse Dredging
Existing Dredging
Adverse Developing/maintaining stream bank vegetation
Existing Developing/maintaining stream bank vegetation
Adverse Environmental Contamination/Pollution
Existing Environmental Contamination/Pollution
Adverse Erosion
Existing Erosion
Adverse Grazing
Existing Grazing
COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -
The isolation of the Hutton tui chub is due to the desiccation
of pluvial Alkali Lake (14,09).
Present status is in part a result of unrestricted access by
cattle to "Three-eights" Spring and past access by cattle to Hutton
Spring (07). Threats to the populations of tui chubs includes
pumping of water from the springs which occurred in the past but is
not occurring now (04,07), and contamination of ground water by
dispersal of chemicals from a herbicide-manufacturing residue disposal
site 1.75 miles south of Hutton Spring (07). Modification of the
springs (via heavy equipment - thus in turn causing other problems
such as siltation, erosion, vegetaion cover loss, water diversion and
drawdown, etc.) had detrimental effects on the chub population.
A possible threat is the establishment of a bombing range on
Federal lands in the vicinity of Alkali Lake, but this is not
considered a serious threat (07) because of the distance from the
habitat.
UNAPPROVED PLAN:
At present there is no formal recovery plan for the Hutton tui
chub.
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
Recovery actions that are needed at present are:
1. Development of a land management agreement (including water right
acqusition) with the land owner to protect the habitat and spring
area. One problem is to prevent any further disturbance (i.e,
siltation, erosion, water drawdown, and vegetation destruction) of
the habitat, which occurs on a periodic basis, by the landowner
and his back-hoe work in the spring for water control. Also,
another problem is the vegetative damage, erosion, and
sedimentation caused by cattle using the surrounding the habitat
(other than removal of cattle from the area, a program to
rehabilitate and revegetate the area damaged by cattle and
back-hoe work).
2. Research is needed on:
a) development of a formal taxonomic description for this
species,
b) food requirements,
c) cover and shelter requirements,
d) reproductive/spawning requirements, and
e) general interactions with habitat and other species within
this habitat.
*3. Prevention of groundwater contamination (at present the major
threat to this species is the contamination of surface and ground
waters from a nearby toxic material site. The site contains
thousands of 50 gallon drums with residue from DDE manufacture
that were improperly disposed of. Signs of both groundwater and
surface water contamination has occurred and also aerial
contamination is occurring. Residues from the drums have
entered the dry alkali soils of Alkali Lake and are easily
distributed during high winds in which dust and the residue are
dispersed through the air, speeding-up surface contamination.
Management Practices - 2 (DRAFT) - References
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
References
***** REFERENCES FOR ALL NARRATIVES EXCEPT N-OCCURRENCE *****
01 Bailey, R.M., and T. Uyeno. 1964. Nomenclature of the blue chub
and the tui chub, cyprinid fishes from western United States.
Copiea 1964:238-239.
02 Bills, F.T. Field Notes. FTB75-13 and FTB76-3, On file at Dept. of
Fisheries and Wildl., OR. State Univ.
03 Bills, F.T. 1978. Taxonomic status of the isolated populations of
tui chub referred to as Gila bicolor oregonensis (Snyder). MS
Thesis, OR State Univ. 121 pp.
04 Bond, C.E. 1974. Endangered plants and animals of Oregon: I,
Fishes., OR Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Rept. 205. Pp. 1-9.
05 Deacon, J.E., G. Kobetich, J.D. Williams, S. Contreras, et al.
1979. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened, or of
special concern: 1979. Fisheries 4(2):30-44.
06 Fowler, H.W. 1913. Some type-specimens of the American cyprinoid
fishes of the genus Rutilus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
Pp. 66-71.
07 Franzreb, K.E. 1985. Endangered and threatened wildlife and
plants; determination of threatened status for Hutton tui chub and
Foskett speckled dace. Fed. Reg. 50:12302-12306.
08 Hubbs, C.L., and R.R. Miller. 1942. Fish of Catlow Valley. Pg.
152, In: L.S. Cressman, Archeological researches of the northern
Great Basin., Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 538.
09 Hubbs, C.L. and R.R. Miller. 1948. The zoological evidence/
correlation between fish distribution and hydrographic history in
the desert basins of western United States. Bull. Univ. Utah 30(2)
Pp. 17-166.
10 Moyle, P.B. 1976. Inland fishes of California., Univ. of Calif.
Press. 405 pp.
11 Oregon Natural Heritage Program. 1985. Fish data. Portland, OR.
12 Oregon State University. 1986. Oregon fish data base; Hutton tui
chub record. OR State Univ., Dept. of Fish. and Wildl., Corvallis.
13 Schultz, L.P., and A.C. DeLacy. 1935-36. Fishes of the American
Northwest. Jour. Pan Pac. Res. Inst. X(4) Mid Pacific Magazine.
14 Snyder, J.O. 1908. Relationships of the fish fauna of the lakes
of southeastern Oregon. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. XXVII (1907):
69-102.
15 Snyder, J.O. 1917. The fishes of the Lahontan system of Nevada
and northestern California. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 35:33-86.
16 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Card catalog file.
File No.: 130507, Ann Arbor, MI.
17 Waring, G.A. 1908. Geology and water resources of a portion of
south-central Oregon. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supp. Pop. 220:1-86.
18 Bond, C.E. [n.d.]. Field notes. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
19 Bond, C.E. [n.d.]. Pers. obs. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
***** REFERENCES FOR N-OCCURRENCE NARRATIVE ONLY *****
01 Bills, F.T. 1978. Taxonomic status of the isolated populations of
References - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species CHUB, TUI, HUTTON
Species Id ESIS251014
Date 14 MAR 96
tui chub referred to as Gila bicolor oregonensis (Snyder). MS
Thesis, OR State Univ. 121 pp.
02 Bond, C.E. 1974. Endangered plants and animals of Oregon: I,
Fishes., OR Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Rept. 205. Pp. 1-9.
03 Franzreb, K.E. 1985. Endangered and threatened wildlife and
plants; determination of threatened status for Hutton tui chub and
Foskett speckled dace. Fed. Reg. 50:12302-12306.
04 Hubbs, C.L., and R.R. Miller. 1948. The zoological evidence/
correlation between fish distribution and hydrographic history in
the desert basins of western United States. Bull. Univ. Utah 30(2)
Pp. 17-166.
05 Minckley, W.L., D.A. Hendrickson, and C.E. Bond. 1986. Geography
of western North American freshwater fishes: description and
relationships to intracontinental tectonism. Pp. 519-613. In:
C.H. Hocutt and E.O. Wiley (eds). The zoogeography of North
American freshwater fishes. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
06 Oregon State University. 1986. Oregon fish data base; Hutton tui
chub record. OR State Univ., Dept. of Fish. and Wildl., Corvallis.
07 Snyder, J.O. 1908. Relationships of the fish fauna of the lakes
of southeastern Oregon. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. XXVII (1907):
69-102.
References - 2