(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
OTHER COMMON NAMES - LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA;LOGPERCH and RETICULATE
ELEMENT CODE -
CATEGORY - Fish
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - CHORDATA,
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - OSTEICHTHYES,
ORDER AND SUBORDER - PERCIFORMES,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - PERCIDAE,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - PERCINA,
SPECIES AND SSP - JENKINSI,
SCIENTIFIC NAME - PERCINA JENKINSI
AUTHORITY -
TAXONOMY REFERENCES -
COMMENTS ON TAXONOMY -
Conasauga Logperch
Percina jenkinsi Thompson, 1985
KINGDOM: Animal GROUP: Fish
PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Osteichthyes
ORDER: Perciformes FAMILY: Percidae
The Conasauga logperch (Percina jenkinsi, Thompson 1985) is a
member of the logperch subgenus Percina and believed to be most
closely related to P. caprodes by Thompson (01). Although Thompson
also indicates the possibility of hybrid origin between the
undescribed Mobile logperch and another Percina. This species was
formerly referred to by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as the
reticulate logperch (Percina sp.) until recently described by
Thompson.
The Conasauga logperch is a medium-sized, slender logperch
(maximum size is 116 mm SL) with small scales and narrow, dark lateral
bars with blotches between them (01). Starnes and Etnier (02)
described the species as having "tiger-like" bars and a "pig-like"
snout (see their description of "reticulate logperch"). However, this
species lacks the red, orange or yellow colors found in the first
dorsal fin of other logperch (01).
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
A more detailed description with meristics and proportional
measurements is found in Thompson's original description (01), along
with keys to separate the species from all other members of the
subgenus Percina. There is also a black and white photograph of a
female P. jenkinsi in Thompson (01). In addition, Etnier and Starnes
(02) provide a brief description and a black and white photograph of
the species (see Percina sp. cf. P. caprodes - "reticulate logperch").
Although the species was referred to as the reticulate logperch by
common name, the scientific name was Percina sp. prior to its
description by Thompson. The species is now referred to as the
Conasauga logperch (Percina jenkinsi). Etnier and Starnes (03) also
provide a key, description, and photograph of P. jenkinsi.
The holotype is located at Tulane University (TU # 106075).
Paratopotypes are located at Tulane University (TU # 80507, 80508,
80506, 69140, and 78369), Cornell University (CU # 69366), Illinois
Natural History Survey (INHS # 74582), the University of Tennessee
(UT # 91.380, 91.688, 91.1176, 91.1545, 91.2621), and the University
of Alabama Ichthyological Collection (UAIC # 3901). Other paratypes
are located at the University of Tennessee (UT # 91.691, 91.2702,
91.1646), University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ # 213400),
U.S. National Museum (USNM # 268480), and the Univesity of Georgia
(UG # 1394F).
Taxonomy - 2 (DRAFT) - Status
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
STATUS
Coded Status
Georgia; Federal Endangered
Georgia; State Recognized
Georgia; Unofficially Listed
Tennessee; Federal Endangered
Tennessee; State Listed
E: Federal Endangered
COMMENTS ON STATUS -
U.S. STATUSES AND LAWS:
The Conasauga logperch (Percina jenkinsi) has been designated an
Endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973
(50 CFR 17.11; P.L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1540),
as amended. The species has this status wherever found including
the States of Georgia and Tennessee. Critical Habitat has been
designated for this species in Murray County (GA) and the counties
of Bradley and Polk (TN) and is addressed in 50 CFR 17.95(e).
This species is protected by the Lacey Act (P.L. 97-79, as
amended; 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.) which makes it unlawful to import,
export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any wild
animal (alive or dead including parts, products, eggs, or offspring):
(1) in interstate or foreign commerce if taken, possessed,
transported or sold in violation of any State law or
regulation; or
(2) if taken or possessed in violation of any U.S. law,
treaty, or regulation or in violation of Indian tribal law.
It is also unlawful to possess any wild animal (alive or dead
including parts, products, eggs, and offspring) within the U.S.
territorial or special maritime jurisdiction (as defined in
18 U.S.C. 7) that is taken, possessed, transported, or sold in
violation of any State law or regulation, foreign law, or Indian
tribal law.
RESPONSIBLE FEDERAL AGENCIES:
USFWS -Responsible for the management/recovery, listing, and
law enforcement/protection of this species.
USFS -Responsible for the law enforcement/protection of this
species with applicable State and Federal laws on
public lands under their control. Also responsible
for management/recovery on Forest Service lands. The
Forest Service is responsible for integrating
management, protection, and conservation of Federally
listed species into the Forest Planning process
(36 CFR 219.19 and 219.20).
Management practices that would cause detrimental
changes in water temperature or composition, water
course blockage, or sediment deposits within 100 feet
of the edges of perennial streams, lakes or other
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
bodies of water are prohibited (36 CFR 219.27(e)).
All Federal agencies have responsibility to ensure that any
action authorized, funded, or carried out by that agency is not likely
to jeopardize the continued existence of the species or result in the
destruction or adverse modification of Critical Habitat (50 CFR 402),
and to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the
conservation of the species.
STATE STATUSES AND LAWS:
STATE: Georgia
DESIGNATED STATUS: Recognized Endangered
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY: Georgia Department of Natural Resources,
Game and Fish Division
STATE STATUTE: Game and Fish Laws of Georgia, Title 27, Chapter
3, page 130. Game and Fish Code Sec. 27-1-28.
Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia
391-4-2-.05 and 391-4-3-.02.
UNOFFICIAL LIST: Endangered Species of Georgia Proceedings.
STATE: Tennessee
DESIGNATED STATUS: Endangered
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY: Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency
STATE STATUTE: Proclamations 75-15, 76-4 and amendments.
Tennessee Code Annotated 70-6-101, 70-6-104,
70-6-201.
INTERNATIONAL STATUSES, TREATIES, AND AGREEMENTS:
None.
ECONOMIC STATUSES:
This species has no cultural or commercial value. However, the
Conasauga logperch has aesthetic and scientific value.
83/11/04:48 FR 50909/50910 - Notice of review
84/07/13:49 FR 28572/28580 - Proposed Endangered with Critical Habitat
85/08/05:50 FR 31597/31604 - Listing as Endangered with Crit. Habitat
Status - 2 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
HABITAT - AQUATIC
INLAND AQUATIC
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTRY TYPES
SAF TYPE STAGE CLOSURE
Loblolly Pine-Shortleaf Pine shrub--seedling
Loblolly Pine-Shortleaf Pine young tree
Loblolly Pine-Shortleaf Pine mature tree
Loblolly Pine-Shortleaf Pine Old Growth
shrub--seedling
young tree
mature tree
Old Growth
LAND USE -
Transportation, communications, and Util
Cropland and Pasture
Confined Feeding Operations
Deciduous Forest Land
Evergreen Forest Land
Mixed Forest Land
Streams and Canals
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Riverine, upper perennial UB2
Riverine, upper perennial UB1
Riverine, upper perennial SB2
Riverine, upper perennial SB1
Riverine, upper perennial RB2
Riverine, upper perennial OW0
Riverine, upper perennial AB2
COMMENTS ON HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS -
The Conasauga logperch is most often found in deep (100 cm) runs
(04) or flowing pools with moderate to swift currents. Snorkel
observations (01) found the Conasauga logperch to be concentrated in
the deeper, more swiftly flowing portions of these runs or pools.
Substrates in these areas inhabitated by P. jenkinsi consist of mixed
sand, gravel, cobble and vegetation (riverweed, Podostemum) (01,02,03,
04,05).
Thompson (01) suggests the possibility of a seasonal change in
habitat (fall and winter), like other species of Percina, to deeper
pools with less current. There also may be a move during the
reproductive season (April) to more shallow shoal areas with gravel
substrate and swift current (03). Freeman (04) found juveniles at the
bottom of a pool 50 cm deep over a gravel and sand substrate.
Surrounding land types that, if disturbed or altered, may
adversely impact the species consist of: 1) agricultural lands
including corn, soybeans, pasture, livestock feed lots and chicken
(broiler) operations; 2) forested land in the upper portion of the
species range which is within the Cherokee National Forest in
southeastern Tennessee. In north Georgia the Conasauga River flows
through a part of the Chatahoochee National Forest. The vegetation
bordering the river in these areas consists of oak-hickory and
Habitat Associations - 1 loblolly-shortleaf pine, sometimes intermixed, at various stages of
succession; and 3) several roads parallel, bridges cross (including
railroads) and a few transmission lines also cross over the logperchs'
riverine habitat.
Habitat Associations - 2 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
CARNIVORE
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
General Arthropods
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G Aquatic Features: Pool areas
G
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
LIFE HISTORY
FOOD HABITS:
The gut contents of the Conasauga logperch have not been examined
in the laboratory, but the species has been observed feeding. Like
other logperches they feed by flipping small stones with their snout
and consuming aquatic invertebrates (probably mostly insect larvae)
that are revealed (01,02).
HOME RANGE/TERRITORY:
Although nothing is known for certain about movement patterns of
the Conasauga logperch, there are a few bits of evidence to suggest
that there is a seasonal change in habitat. Thompson (04) suggested
additional studies were necessary to determine whether P. jenkinsi may
move from the deep, gently moving pools he described as their habitat
to more shallow, swiftly flowing runs in spring and summer like other
logperch species. Starnes and Etnier (02) also suggest a seasonal
movement from flowing pools to swift, shallow gravel shoals and
indicates (03) that this movement is associated with reproductive
behavior.
Nothing is known about any possible territorial behavior, social
life habits, or home range size.
The closely related logperch, Percina caprodes is apparently not
territorial. Males gather in schools for spawning and individual
females swim through the schools to spawn with the males (07).
PERIODICITY:
There is very little information available on daily or seasonal
activity patterns of the Conasauga logperch with the exception of
daytime snorkel observations of foraging behavior (02) and collection
of spawning individuals in spring (01,03).
MIGRATION PATTERNS:
The Conasauga logperch is non-migratory. However, a seasonal
change in habitat from deep runs or flowing pools to deeper, slower
pools in fall is suggested by Thompson (01). An additional movement
to shallow shoal areas with swift currents during the reproductive
season is also indicated (03).
According to Page's (07) description of the natural history of
the logperch (Percina caprodes) when living in lotic environments; the
species apparently also undergoes a migration or a change in habitat
from the moderate current they normally inhabit to a swifter current
(often riffles) during the spawning season. In lentic environments,
Winn (08,09) found that during the reproductive season (spring)
logperch males migrate from deeper offshore waters to shallow sandy
shore habitats and form spawning aggregations awaiting the arrival of
females.
COVER/SHELTER REQUIREMENTS:
The Conasauga logperch is most often found in deep (up to 100 cm)
runs or moderate to swiftly flowing pools (04). Substrates in its
preferred habitat have been described as mixed cobble, gravel, sand
and vegetataion (01,02,03,04,05).
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
Seasonally, however, (during the spring reproductive period) P.
jenkinsi may also be found in swift, shallow gravel shoal areas (03).
Although it has not been documented, Thompson (01) also suggested a
possiblility of habitation in deeper, slower pools during fall/winter
as with other logperch species.
REPRODUCTIVE SITE REQUIREMENTS:
Besides Thompson's (01) report of a probable spring (April)
spawning period for the Conasauga logperch, nothing is known about
their reproduction. Therefore, reproduction may occur in the flowing
pools with clean gravel and rubble substrates (01,02,03,04). However,
Freeman's (04) observation of juveniles over gravel and sand at the
head of a riffle may indicate this habitat type as a spawning area.
Although the species has been found in a variety of habitat
types, the related logperch, Percina caprodes, has been observed to
prefer sand or gravel areas for spawning (07). In rivers the species
spawns in swift currents, and in lakes they gather in more shallow
(depths of 10-200 cm) sandy shoreline areas (08).
Nests are not constructed. Neither sex is territorial and both
males and females are promiscuous, spawning with several mates (07).
Eggs are buried in the sand and are left unguarded or are eaten if not
buried (07).
REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS:
Nothing is known about breeding behavior or any other
reproductive characteristics of the Conasauga logperch.
The closely related logperch, Percina caprodes, is very wide
ranging, and has a spring/summer reproductive season. Page (07)
summarizes the available data and reports a late March to July
spawning season, depending upon geographical location (possibly
triggered by water temperature).
A description of the reproductive behavior of P. caprodes as
summarized by Page (07) follows: Male P. caprodes are non-territorial
and gather in groups awaiting the arrival of females ready to spawn.
When a female is ready, she swims through the school and may be
followed by several males, one of which mounts her when she stops.
They vibrate and bury in the sand, during which time 10 to 20 eggs are
released, fertilized and buried. The eggs are left unguarded. There
is no pair bond formation, as males and females each may spawn with
several mates.
Winn (09) reported the fecundity of P. caprodes to range from
1,060 to 3,085 eggs depending upon the size of the females (larger
females produce more eggs). However, fecundity may be more variable
than Winn indicated (or methodologies may not be comparable) because
Nance (10) reported a much lower fecundity.
Hatching time depends upon water temperature and may range from
five to almost nine days (07).
PARENTAL CARE:
No data is available to describe development, parental care, or
other social patterns of reproductive behavior of the Conasauga
logperch.
In the closely related logperch species Percina caprodes, neither
Life History - 2 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
sex attends the eggs. Eggs are buried and abandoned, and hatch in
five to almost nine days depending upon water temperature (07).
Following hatching, growth proceeds relatively rapidly, as young may
attain a total length of 74 mm by the end of their first year (07).
POPULATION BIOLOGY:
At present, no data are available on population characteristics
of the Conasauga logperch. However, the major current factor ensuring
the continued survival of the species is the protection of the
Conasauga logperch's preferred habitat. Percina jenkinsi has mostly
been taken in flowing water over clean bottoms (01). In addition, the
Conasauga logperch has been observed to rely upon vision for feeding
(02). Therefore, any land use alteration which increases siltation or
decreases flow could be detrimental to the species (01,06).
SPECIES INTERRELATIONSHIPS:
No other information can be added at this time concerning species
interrelationships with the Conasauga logperch.
OTHER LIFE HISTORY DESCRIPTORS:
No other information can be added at this time concerning other
life history descriptors of the Conasauga logperch.
Life History - 3 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RESULT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Beneficial Developing/maintaining stream structures
Beneficial Maintaining/Controlling Water Flow
Beneficial Controlling/Restricting Road Maintainance Actions
Beneficial Maintaining undisturbed/undeveloped areas
Beneficial Controlling pollution [thermal, chemical, physical]
Beneficial Controlling/Restricting Pesticide Use
Beneficial Controlling/Restricting Herbicide Use
Beneficial Controlling/Restricting Agricultural Practice
Beneficial Creating Artificial Habitat/Nesting Structure
Beneficial Restricting Timber Harvest
Beneficial Stocking captive-reared wild-strain animals
Beneficial Transplanting wild animals
Adverse Predation
Existing Predation
Adverse Soil compaction by heavy equipment in mine areas
Existing Soil compaction by heavy equipment in mine areas
Adverse Siltation
Existing Siltation
Adverse Water Temperature Alteration
Existing Water Temperature Alteration
Adverse Water Level Stabilization
Existing Water Level Stabilization
Adverse Water Level Fluctuation
Existing Water Level Fluctuation
Adverse Reservoirs
Existing Reservoirs
Adverse Migration barriers
Existing Migration barriers
Adverse Dredging
Existing Dredging
Adverse Developing/maintaining stream bank vegetation
Existing Developing/maintaining stream bank vegetation
Adverse Environmental Contamination/Pollution
Existing Environmental Contamination/Pollution
Adverse Competition
Existing Competition
Adverse Exotic/Feral/Introducted Species
Existing Exotic/Feral/Introducted Species
Adverse Erosion
Existing Erosion
COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -
The Conasauga logperch was listed as Endangered because of
restricted range, vulnerability of isolated populations to a single
catrastrophic accident, and threats posed by the proposed U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers reservoir projects (the Dalton Lake project and the
Jacks River project). Currently neither project is being considered
in their original form. A reservoir on the Conasauga River could
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
effect the species upstream of the reservoir. An influx of reservoir
fish would reduce the Conasauga logperchs chance of survival through
competition, predation and habitat alteration (i.e., substrate
disturbance resulting from carp feeding behavior). In addition,
reservoir construction could adversely impact the fish through
modification of stream flows, water temperature alteration, and
increased silt loads (07).
The Conasauga logperch has an extremely restricted range,
known only from about 11 miles of the upper Conasauga River in
Tennessee and Georgia (01,03,04,05,06). It prefers moderate to swift
currents over a clean bottom (01) and uses vision for feeding (01,02).
Although there is no data to support his theory, Freeman (04)
suggests that the present distribution of the Conasauga logperch may
be only a portion of its historical range and that the inability of
the species to adapt to alterations of habitat has eliminated it from
those areas where it formerly occurred. Any major land use activity
or change which increases siltation or alters the water flow regime
could be detrimental to the species.
Potential threats to the species and the habitat could be any
major land use activity or change which increases siltation or
adversely alters the water flow regime. This may include; increased
silivicultural activity, some forest clearing and cutting practices
with associated equipment, road or bridge construction, some road or
transmission line maintenance practices, impoundments, channelization,
stream channel modifications. Any development activities within the
immediate watershed, such as herbicide or pesticide use and discharge
of pollution in the river system itself is also a potential threat.
In fact, Freeman (04) documented a channel alteration (an island was
bulldozed by a landowner) which eliminated the Conasauga logperch from
a previously occupied locality upstream of Murray County Road 173
bridge, Murray County, GA. For these reasons and the restricted range
presently known for the logperch, the species was listed in 1985 (06)
as an Endangered species.
APPROVED PLAN:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Conasauga Logperch and Amber
Darter Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, GA.
34 pp.
Management actions recommended for recovery of the Conasauga
logperch include:
1) The utilization of existing regulations to protect the species
and its Critical Habitat.
2) Conducting life history research to include reproduction, food
habits, age and growth, mortality factors, etc., for propagation.
Although not specifically mentioned in the Recovery Plan this may
includes transplanting wild individuals from the viable wild
population center to other areas of suitable habitat, within the
historic range of the species; the option of captive breeding/
propagation for reintroduction, assuming technology advances to the
point where Percina can be reared successfully; and any positive in-
stream channel modification such as creating suitable habitat or
Management Practices - 2 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
nesting sites (i.e., the possibility of wing dams, gravel bars, etc.).
3) Determination of and controlling of present and foreseeable
threats to the species such as any alteration of the river systems or
surrounding habitat.
Although not specifically mentioned in the Recovery Plan, threats
may conceivably include any development activities with associated
maintenance actions, erosion, pollution, and the use of herbicides or
pesticides.
4) Assessing the viability of known populations and monitoring
them.
The major current factor ensuring the continued survival of the
species is the protection of the Conasauga logperch's preferred
habitat. Percina jenkinsi has mostly been taken in flowing water over
clean bottoms (01). In addition, the Conasauga logperch has been
observed to rely upon vision for feeding (02). Therefore, any land
use alteration which increases siltation or decreases flow could be
detrimental to the species (01,06) including; agriculture, rural,
urban or recreational development and associated roads, power lines,
facilities, and pollution; or the change in present land use practices
such as agricultural techniques, herbicide use, pesticide use, road/
bridge/transmission line/railroad maintenance, or silvicultural
practices with associated equipment and harvest techniques.
Except for the enforcement of existing regulations, no recovery
work is presently being conducted for this species as of 1985.
Management Practices - 3 (DRAFT) - References
Species LOGPERCH, CONASAUGA
Species Id ESIS254009
Date 13 MAR 96
References
***** REFERENCES FOR ALL NARRATIVES EXCEPT N-OCCURRENCE *****
01 Thompson, B.A. 1985. Percina jenkinsi, a new species of logperch
(Pisces, Percidae) from the Conasauga River, Tennessee and Georgia.
Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 61:23 pp.
02 Starnes, W.C. and D.A. Etnier. 1980. Fishes. Pp. B1-B134, In:
Tennessee's rare wildlife, Vol. 1: The vertebrates. D.C. Eagar
and R.M. Hatcher, eds.Tennessee Heritage Program.
03 Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Stannes. Manus. Fishes of Tennessee.
04 Freeman, B.J. 1983. Final report on the status of Etheostoma
trisella, the trispot darter and Percina antesella, the amber
darter, in the upper Coosa River system in Alabama, Georgia,
Tennessee. Unpubl. final rept. to the USFWS. Contract no. 14-16-
004-048. 21 pp.
05 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Conasauga Logperch and
Amber Darter Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Atlanta, Georgia. 34 pp.
06 U.S. Government. 1985. Endangered and threatened wildlife and
plants: determination of endangered status and of critical habitat
for the amber darter and the Conasauga logperch. Fed. Reg. 50
(150):31597-31603.
07 Page, L.M. 1983. Handbook of darters. TFH Publ., Inc., Ltd.
Neptune City, NJ. 271 pp.
08 Winn, H.E. 1958. Observations on the reproductive habits of
darters (Pisces-Percidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 59:190-212.
09 Winn, H.E. 1958. Comparative reproductive behavior and ecology of
14 species of darters (Pisces-Percidae). Ecol. Monogr. 28:155-191.
10 Nance, S. 1978. Some aspects of the reproductive biology of the
logperch Percina caprodes (Rafinesque) from East Lynn Lake, Wayne
County, West Virgina. Proc. WV. Acad. Sci. 50:25.
***** REFERENCES FOR N-OCCURRENCE NARRATIVE ONLY *****
01 Thompson, B.A. 1985. Percina jenkinsi, a new species of logperch
(Pisces, Percidae) from the Conasauga River, Tennessee and Georgia.
Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 61:23 pp.
02 Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Stannes. Manus. Fishes of Tennessee.
03 Freeman, B.J. 1983. Final report on the status of Etheostoma
trisella, the trispot darter and Percina antesella, the amber
darter, in the upper Coosa River system in Alabama, Georgia,
Tennessee. Unpubl. final rept. to the USFWS. Contract no. 14-16-
004-048. 21 pp.
04 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Conasauga Logperch and
Amber Darter Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Atlanta, Georgia. 34 pp.
References - 1