(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - anchovy, deepbody
OTHER COMMON NAMES - California deepbody anchovy, sprat, deep-bodied anchovy and sardinus
ELEMENT CODE -
CATEGORY - Fish
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - Chordata,
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - Osteichthyes,
ORDER AND SUBORDER - Clupeiformes,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - Engraulidae,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - Anchoa,
SPECIES AND SSP - compressa,
SCIENTIFIC NAME - Anchoa compressa
AUTHORITY -
TAXONOMY REFERENCES - 01
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
STATUS
Coded Status
Migrant
See Comments
REFERENCES FOR STATUS - 01
COMMENTS ON STATUS -
The deepbody anchovy is an abundant pelagic fish in many southern California
estuaries *01*.
The deepbody anchovy uses estuaries during all life stages and may be a good
indicator of environmental stress. However, little ecological research has
been done for this species *01*.
Migrations and Movements: Adults move from the lower portions of bays and
estuaries to upper portions during the spawning season (spring and summer).
Adults show post-spawning movements away from spawning areas, while
juveniles reside in the upper portions of bays until late fall and winter
*01*.
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Distribution
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
DISTRIBUTION
Distribution - 1 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
LAND USE -
Water
Bays and Estuaries
REFERENCES FOR LAND USE - 01
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Estuarine
REFERENCES FOR NWI - 01
COMMENTS ON HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS -
Life Mode: Eggs and larvae are planktonic, while juveniles and adults are
pelagic *01*.
Habitat Type: All life stages live primarily in estuaries, bays, and
lagoons, but schools of juveniles and adults are occasionally found along
coastal shorelines *01*.
Substrate: Because this is a pelagic species, all life stages are found
over various substrates *01*.
Physical/Chemical Characteristics: Population abundances of this species
were significantly correlated with temperature and dissolved oxygen.
However, thermal and salinity tolerances have not been identified *01*.
ANIMAL/PLANT SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -
birds
fish
Anchoa delicatissima
REFERENCES FOR SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS - 01
COMMENTS ON SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -
The deepbody anchovy is probably eaten by many species of birds and
piscivorous fishes *01*.
The abundance of eggs and larvae (and probably juveniles and adults) of this
species appears to cycle widely. The dominant Anchoa species in southern
California estuaries appears to fluctuate year to year. Some years A.
compressa may dominate in ichthyoplankton surveys, while in other years A.
delicatissima prevails. Reasons for these wide fluctuations are unknown
*01*.
Habitat Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
OTHER
REFERENCES FOR TROPHIC LEVEL - 01
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
Larva Phytoplankton Not Applicable
Larva Plankton Not Applicable
Larva Zooplankton Not Applicable
Juvenile Arthropods
Juvenile Crustaceans
Adult Arthropods
Adult Crustaceans
Important Arthropods
Important Crustaceans
General Copepods
General Ostracods
General Malacostraca
General Polychaetes
General Oligochaetes
General Molluscs
General Malacostraca Larva stage
General Crustaceans
General Diptera
General Perciformes
General Plants
REFERENCES FOR GENERAL FOOD - 01
REFERENCES FOR IMPORTANT FOOD - 01
REFERENCES FOR ADULT FOOD - 01
REFERENCES FOR JUVENILE FOOD - 01
REFERENCES FOR LARVAE FOOD - 01
COMMENTS ON FOOD -
All feeding life stages of the deepbody anchovy are planktivorous *01*.
Major prey taxa include calanoid, harpacticoid, and cyclopoid copepods,
ostracods, cumaceans, amphipods, and Callianassa spp. larvae. Minor taxa
eaten are polychaetes, oligochaetes, small gastropods, mysids, tanaidaceans,
isopods, crab zoea, dipterans, small gobiids, and plant material. This
species utilizes the entire water column when searching for prey *01*.
COMMENTS ON ADULT FOOD -
Primary prey for juveniles and adults are small crustaceans *01*.
COMMENTS ON JUVENILE FOOD -
Primary prey for juveniles and adults are small crustaceans *01*.
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
COMMENTS ON LARVAE FOOD -
Larvae probably feed on phytoplankton and small zooplankton *01*.
Food Habits - 2 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G Estuarine habitat zone: bay
G Estuarine habitat zone: specified in comments
J Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
J Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Specified in Comments
A Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
A Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Specified in Comments
G Substrate: Specified in Comments
G Water Temperature: Specified in Comments
G Dissolved Oxygen: Specified in Comments
G Coastal Wetlands: Sounds and bays
G Coastal Wetlands: Specified in Comments
REFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 01
REFERENCES FOR ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 01
REFERENCES FOR JUVENILE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 01
COMMENTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS -
Habitat Type: All life stages live primarily in estuaries, bays, and
lagoons, but schools of juveniles and adults are occasionally found along
coastal shorelines *01*.
Substrate: Because this is a pelagic species, all life stages are found
over various substrates *01*.
Physical/Chemical Characteristics: Population abundances of this species
were significantly correlated with temperature and dissolved oxygen.
However, thermal and salinity tolerances have not been identified *01*.
COMMENTS ON ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ -
Eggs and larvae are planktonic, while juveniles and adults are pelagic
*01*.
COMMENTS ON JUVENILE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ -
Eggs and larvae are planktonic, while juveniles and adults are pelagic
*01*.
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
LIFE HISTORY
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Egg Size and Embryonic Development: Eggs are spherical and 0.8mm in
diameter. Embryonic development is indirect and external. Time to hatching
is probably less than 4 days *01*.
Age and Size of Larvae: Larvae are 1.5-2.5mm long at hatching and grow to
about 20-25mm before taking on juvenile characteristics, probably in about
30 days *01*.
Juvenile Size Range: Juveniles grow from 20-25mm to approximately 70mm
standard length (minimum) before reaching maturity *01*.
Age and Size of Adults: This species may live to 6 years, but most die
before 5 years. One-year-olds range from 70mm to about 90mm in length. The
largest reported deepbody anchovy was 165mm *01*.
REPRODUCTION
Mode: The deepbody anchovy is gonochoristic, oviparous, and iteroparous.
It is a broadcast spawner; eggs are fertilized externally *01*.
Mating/Spawning: Spawning occurs from March to August, with most spawning
activity occurring at night from April to June. The upper reaches of bays
and estuaries are the usual spawning areas. This species reduces
competition with the slough anchovy by spawning in different areas of bays
*01*.
Fecundity: Average fecundity is about 15,000 eggs per female. Fecundity is
significantly related to size (1,268 eggs/g female weight). Large females
may lay over 28,000 eggs *01*.
BEHAVIOR
Migrations and Movements: Adults move from the lower portions of bays and
estuaries to upper portions during the spawning season (spring and summer).
Adults show post-spawning movements away from spawning areas, while
juveniles reside in the upper portions of bays until late fall and winter
*01*.
LIMITING FACTORS
Predation: The deepbody anchovy is probably eaten by many species of birds
and piscivorous fishes *01*.
Factors Influencing Populations:
The abundance of eggs and larvae (and probably juveniles and adults) of this
species appears to cycle widely. The dominant Anchoa species in southern
California estuaries appears to fluctuate year to year. Some years A.
compressa may dominate in ichthyoplankton surveys, while in other years A.
delicatissima prevails. Reasons for these wide fluctuations are unknown
*01*.
LIFE HISTORY CODES -
Breeding/Spawning Season: March
Breeding Spawning Season: April
Breeding/Spawning Season: May
Breeding/Spawning Season: June
Breeding/Spawning Season: July
Gestation/Incubation Period: 3-4 days
Average Number of Offspring/Reproductive Effort: Grea
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
LIFE HISTORY CODES -
Dispersion: Clumped
Periodicity: Active at night
COMMENTS ON LIFE HISTORY -
Time to hatching is probably less than 4 days *01*.
Spawning occurs from March to August, with most spawning activity occurring
at night from April to June *01*.
Average fecundity is about 15,000 eggs per female *01*.
Schools of juveniles and adults are occasionally found along coastal
shorelines *01*.
REFERENCES FOR LIFE HISTORY- 01
Life History - 2 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RESULT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Beneficial
Beneficial Controlling pollution [thermal, chemical, physical]
REFERENCES FOR BENEFICIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - 01
COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -
The deepbody anchovy uses estuaries during all life stages and may be a good
indicator of environmental stress. However, little ecological research has
been done for this species *01*.
FACTORS INFLUENCING POPULATIONS
The abundance of eggs and larvae (and probably juveniles and adults) of this
species appears to cycle widely. The dominant Anchoa species in southern
California estuaries appears to fluctuate year to year. Some years A.
compressa may dominate in ichthyoplankton surveys, while in other years A.
delicatissima prevails. Reasons for these wide fluctuations are unknown.
Since all life stages reside in estuaries, any estuarine modifications or
pollution directly affects this species *01*.
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species anchovy, deepbody
Species Id M010301
Date 27 AUG 96
References
01 * Emmett, R.L., S.L. Stone, S.A. Hinton, and M.E. Monaco. 1991.
Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in west coast
estuaries, Volume II: species life history summaries. ELMR Rep.No.8
NOAA/NOS Strategic Environmental Assessments Division, Rockville, MD. 329
pp.
References - 1