(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - shearwater, sooty
OTHER COMMON NAMES - black hagoon
ELEMENT CODE - 04/05/84
AOU CODE - 06/04/85
CATEGORY - Birds
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - Chordata, Vertebrata
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - Aves,
ORDER AND SUBORDER - Procellariiformes,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - Procellaridae,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - Puffinus,
SPECIES AND SSP - griseus,
SCIENTIFIC NAME - Puffinus griseus
AUTHORITY - Gmelin
TAXONOMY REFERENCES - 624 and 3950
COMMENTS ON TAXONOMY -
Formerly Procellaria grisea (Gmelin) *3950*; AKA black
hagoon *2484*
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
STATUS
Coded Status
Federal Migratory
Nongame-Protected
See Comments
REFERENCES FOR STATUS - 758
COMMENTS ON STATUS -
Taken for food by locals in breeding range *4050*
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Distribution
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
DISTRIBUTION
References on County Occurrence - 810, CB1, CB3 and AO1
References on Seasonal Occurrence - Nonbreeder; uncommon spring transient offshore and rare
summer visitor *700*
References on County Abundance - 810, CB1, CB3 and AO1
OTHER DISTRIBUTION
REFERENCES FOR OTHER DISTRIBUTION - H
Distribution - 1 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
HABITAT - Aquatic
REFERENCES FOR HABITAT - 2484 and 3950
LAND USE -
Water
Atlantic Ocean Coastal Waters
Bays and Estuaries
REFERENCES FOR LAND USE - 700, 2484, 4050 and 3950
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Marine, subtidal OW0 V
Estuarine, subtidal OW0 V
REFERENCES FOR NWI - 4052
COMMENTS ON SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -
Diseases and Parasites:General reference *1901*
POTENTIAL NATURAL VEGETATION -
101 Oak - Hickory - Pine Forest (Quercus-Carya-Pinus)
065 Northern Cordgrass Prairie (Distichlis-Spartina)
REFERENCES FOR PNV - 700
ECOREGION -
Southeastern Mixed Forest: Flat Plains
REFERENCES FOR ECOREGION - 700
Habitat Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
Carnivore
REFERENCES FOR TROPHIC LEVEL - 4033, 2484, 3950 and 606
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
General Squid, Octopus Not Specified
General Molluscs Not Specified
General Polychaetes Not Specified
General Annelids Not Specified
General Malacostraca Larva stage
General Copepods Not Specified
General Cirripeds Not Specified
General Crustaceans Juvenile stage
General Crustaceans Larva stage
General Clupeiformes Adult stage
General Gadiformes Adult stage
General Osteichthyes Adult stage
General Animals Larva stage
General Animals Adult stage
General Animals Juvenile stage
General See Comments; Food See Comments
Important Squid, Octopus Not Specified
Important Molluscs Not Specified
Important Animals Not Specified
Adult Squid, Octopus Not Specified
Adult Molluscs Not Specified
Adult Polychaetes Not Specified
Adult Annelids Not Specified
Adult Malacostraca Larva stage
Adult Copepods Not Specified
Adult Cirripeds Not Specified
Adult Crustaceans Juvenile stage
Adult Crustaceans Larva stage
Adult Clupeiformes Adult stage
Adult Gadiformes Adult stage
Adult Osteichthyes Adult stage
Adult Animals Larva stage
Adult Animals Adult stage
Adult Animals Juvenile stage
Adult See Comments; Food See Comments
REFERENCES FOR GENERAL FOOD - 4033, 2484, 3950, 606, 4059 and 4058
REFERENCES FOR IMPORTANT FOOD - 2484 and 4059
REFERENCES FOR ADULT FOOD - 4033, 2484, 3950, 606, 4059 and 4058
COMMENTS ON FOOD -
9999S = scavenges from fishing vessels *4056*
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
COMMENTS ON ADULT FOOD -
Scavenges from fishing vessels *4059*
Food Habits - 2 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G Coastal Features: Vegetated offshore islands
G Terrestrial Features: Burrows
G Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
G Soil Compaction: Easily penetrated
G Soil Needs: Specified in Comments
LIM Soil Needs: Specified in Comments
LIM Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
LIM Coastal Features: Vegetated offshore islands
FA Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
RA Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
BA Terrestrial Features: Burrows
BA Coastal Features: Vegetated offshore islands
BA Soil Needs: Specified in Comments
BA Soil Compaction: Easily penetrated
REFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 4033, 2484, 4052, 4050, 3950, 606, 4059 and 4058
REFERENCES FOR LIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484, 4050, 4058, 4059, 3950 and 4033
REFERENCES FOR FEEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 3950, 4058, 4059 and 2484
REFERENCES FOR RESTING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484, 3950 and 606
REFERENCES FOR BREEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484, 4050, 4033, 4058, 4059 and 3950
COMMENTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS -
00320S = burrows in peaty soils *2484,4050*
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
LIFE HISTORY
ORIGIN: native (transient) *700*; PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION:
large, heavily built gray shearwater with long slender wings, short
rounded tail, rather long slender dark bill with low nasal tubes,
distinctive pale underwing, much compressed tarsus, sexes similar,
length 19-20 inches, wingspread about 43 inches *606*; REPRODUCTION:
breeding season = Nov-Dec, peak late Nov *2484,4050,4059*; incubation
period = about 56 days *606,4050*; breeding behavior = detailed by
source *4050*; clutch size = 1 *606,4050,2484*; BEHAVIOR: territoriality
= see source *4050,606*; seasonal periodicity = leaves southern
hemisphere breeding grounds in April arriving off North American coast
in May and moving northward from there *4059*; migration =
breeding/wintering *3950,4050,606,2484,4033*; foraging strategy/sites =
olfaction is important in locating food from great distances, dives from
3-5 meters and more commonly from water surface, makes shallow dives,
feeds in open water, coastal migration often coincides with arrival of
fish concentrations *2484,4051,4057,4055,4033,4059*; nest site =
vegetated islands, in burrows of soft peaty soils *606,4050,2484,4033*;
development of young = detailed by sources *4050,606*; parental care of
young = young are fed at night, and eventually deserted when adults
respond to migratory drive *4050*; POPULATION PARAMETERS: mortality =
one cause is from entanglment in lost or abandoned drift nets *4054*
REFERENCES FOR LIFE HISTORY- 4055, 4033, 2484, 4051, 4050, 4057, 3950, 606, 4059 and 4054
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RESULT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Adverse Other management practices [specified in comments]
REFERENCES FOR ADVERSE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - 4054
COMMENTS ON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -
999 = abandoning fish nets at sea *4054*
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
References
References - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species shearwater, sooty
Species Id M040012
Date 26 AUG 96
606* Palmer, R.S. 1962. Handbook of North American Birds. I.
Yale Univ. Press New Haven, Conn:557.
624* Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S. 1966. Birds of North
America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden Press New York,
N.Y:340.
700* Ornithology, Virginia Society of. 1979. Virginia's
Birdlife: An Annotated Check-list. Virginia Avifauna No. 2.
Virginia Society of Ornithology Lynchburg, Va:118.
758* (ed.)1982. Fish and wildlife. 50 CFR 10 (Code of Federal
Regulations). General Serv. Admin. Washington, D.C:7.
2484* Bent, A.C. 1922. Life histories of North American petrels
and pelicans and their allies. Dover Publ., Inc. New York:355.
3950* Cramp, S., Simmons, K.E.L., (eds.). 1977. THE BIRDS OF THE
WESTERN PALEARTIC..
4033* Brown, R.G.B., Barker, S.P., Gaskin, D.E., Sandemann, M.R.
1981. The foods of the great and sooty shearwaters Puffinus
gravis and Puffinus griseus in eastern Canadian waters. Ibis
123(1):19-30.
4050* Richdale, L.E. 1963. Biology of the sooty shearwater
Puffinus griseus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 141:1-117.
4051* Brown, R.G.B., Bourne, W.R.P., Wahl, T.R. 1978. Diving by
shearwaters. Condor 80(2):123-125.
4052* Harrison, C.S. 1982. Spring distribution of marine birds
in the Gulf of Alaska, U.S.A. Condor 84(3):245-254.
4054* DeGange, A.R., Newby, T.C. 1980. Mortality of seabirds and
fish in a lost salmon driftnet. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
11(11):322-323.
4055* Hutchinson, L.V., Wenzel, B.M. 1980. Olfactory guidance in
foraging by Procellariformes. Condor 82(3):314-319.
4057* Grubb, T.C. 1972. Smell and foraging in shearwaters and
petrels. Nature 237:404-405.
4058* Baltz, D.M., Moresohn, G.V. 1977. Food habits and niche
overlap of seabirds wintering on Monterey Bay, California. Auk
94:526-543.
4059* Phillips, J.H. 1963. The pelagic distribution of the sooty
shearwater Procellaria grisea. Ibis 105:340-353.
References - 2