(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - shearwater, Audubon's
OTHER COMMON NAMES - dusky shearwater
ELEMENT CODE - 02/11/85
AOU CODE - 06/04/85
CATEGORY - Birds
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - Chordata,
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - Aves,
ORDER AND SUBORDER - Procellariiformes,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - Procellariidae,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - Puffinus,
SPECIES AND SSP - lherminieri, lherminiere
SCIENTIFIC NAME - Puffinus lherminieri lherminiere
AUTHORITY - Lesson
TAXONOMY REFERENCES - 624 and 2484
COMMENTS ON TAXONOMY -
AKA dusky shearwater *606*
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
STATUS
Coded Status
Federal Migratory
Nongame-Protected
Accidental
See Comments
REFERENCES FOR STATUS - 758, 2484 and 606
COMMENTS ON STATUS -
999 = Juveniles taken commercially on breeding grounds; some
sources do not consider this subspecies truly migratory since it does
not usually travel far from breeding grounds *2484,606*
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Distribution
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
DISTRIBUTION
References on County Occurrence - CB1, 810 and AO1
References on Seasonal Occurrence - Nonbreeder; rare summer visitor *700*
References on County Abundance - CB1, 810 and AO1
REFERENCES FOR HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODES - ALL
REFERENCES FOR OTHER DISTRIBUTION - H
Distribution - 1 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
HABITAT - AQUATIC
REFERENCES FOR HABITAT - 700 and 606
LAND USE -
Water
Atlantic Ocean Coastal Waters
Chesapeake Bay
REFERENCES FOR LAND USE - 700, 624 and 2484
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Marine, subtidal OW0 V
REFERENCES FOR NWI - 2484, 624 and 700
ANIMAL/PLANT SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -
helminths
Stercorarius pomarinus
REFERENCES FOR SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS - 1901, 1930 and 4030
COMMENTS ON SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -
Parasites *1901,1930,4030*
POTENTIAL NATURAL VEGETATION -
101 Oak - Hickory - Pine Forest (Quercus-Carya-Pinus)
065 Northern Cordgrass Prairie (Distichlis-Spartina)
REFERENCES FOR PNV - 700
ECOREGION -
Southeastern Mixed Forest: Flat Plains
REFERENCES FOR ECOREGION - 700
Habitat Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
CARNIVORE
REFERENCES FOR TROPHIC LEVEL - 606
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
General Squid, Octopus Not Specified
General Molluscs Not Specified
General Clupeiformes Not Specified
General Osteichthyes Not Specified
General Animals Not Specified
Adult Squid, Octopus Not Specified
Adult Molluscs Not Specified
Adult Clupeiformes Not Specified
Adult Osteichthyes Not Specified
Adult Animals Not Specified
REFERENCES FOR GENERAL FOOD - 606
REFERENCES FOR ADULT FOOD - 606
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G Coastal Features: Vegetated offshore islands
G Coastal Features: Rocky offshore islands
G Terrestrial Features: Burrows
G Vegetations Successional Stage: Bare rock
G Soil Compaction: Easily penetrated
G Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
G Water Temperature: Greater than 27 degrees C
LIM Coastal Features: Vegetated offshore islands
LIM Coastal Features: Rocky offshore islands
LIM Terrestrial Features: Burrows
LIM Vegetations Successional Stage: Bare rock
LIM Soil Compaction: Easily penetrated
FA Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
FA Water Temperature: Specified in Comments
RA Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
BA Coastal Features: Vegetated offshore islands
BA Coastal Features: Rocky offshore islands
BA Terrestrial Features: Burrows
BA Vegetations Successional Stage: Bare rock
BA Soil Compaction: Easily penetrated
REFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484, 4030 and 606
REFERENCES FOR LIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484 and 606
REFERENCES FOR FEEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484, 4030 and 606
REFERENCES FOR RESTING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484
REFERENCES FOR BREEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2484 and 606
COMMENTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS -
99999S = limiting factors mentioned refer to breeding
requirements; species does not breed in Virginia *2484,606*
COMMENTS ON FEEDING ADULT ENVIRONTAL ASSOC_ -
00200S = prefers waters warmer than 29C *4030*
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
COMMENTS ON BREEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ -
99999S = breeds mainly on Caribbean islands and on small
rocky islets *2484,606*
Environment Associations - 2 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
LIFE HISTORY
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: similar to manx shearwater, pure
white underparts except for dark under tail coverts, short wings,
relatively long tail, nasal tubes flush with bill, much compressed
tarsus, flesh colored feet, sexes similar, length = 12 inches *606*;
origin: native (rare summer visitor) *700*; REPRODUCTION: breeding
season = late March to mid April *606,2484*; incubation period = 51 days
*606*; breeding behavior = colonial, pair frequently visits crevice or
burrow where single egg is to be laid, at night the pair circles each
other rubbing bills, detailed by source *606*; clutch size = 1
*2484,606*; BEHAVIOR: daily and seasonal periodicity = nocturnal feeding
and breeding habits, disperse over warm portions of Atlantic Ocean
outside breeding season *606*; dispersion = disperse over subtropical
western North Atlantic outside breeding season *4031,3950,606*;
migration = some sources believe this subspecies does not truly migrate,
but disperses *4031,3950,606*; foraging strategy/sites = dives from
surface, feeds in open (pelagic) waters *2484,4030*; nest site =
crevices or burroughs on rocky or vegetated islands (eg. Bahamas,
Burmuda) and on small rocky islets *2484,606*; development of young =
fledge at 72 days, detailed by source *606*; parental care of young =
both parents incubate, chick is brooded first 3-4 days, chick is fed
every night by both parents, detailed by sources *2484,606*
REFERENCES FOR LIFE HISTORY- 2484, 4030, 4031, 700, 3950 and 606
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species shearwater, Audubon's
Species Id M040014
Date 26 AUG 96
References
606* Palmer, R.S. 1962. Handbook of North American Birds. I.
Yale Univ. Press New Haven, Conn:557.
624* Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S. 1966. Birds of North
America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden Press New York,
N.Y:340.
700* Ornithology, Virginia Society of. 1979. Virginia's
Birdlife: An Annotated Check-list. Virginia Avifauna No. 2.
Virginia Society of Ornithology Lynchburg, Va:118.
758* (ed.)1982. Fish and wildlife. 50 CFR 10 (Code of Federal
Regulations). General Serv. Admin. Washington, D.C:7.
1901* Fowler, M.E. 1978. Miscellaneous waterbirds (Gaviiformes,
Podicipediformes, Procellariformes, Pelicaniformes, and
Charadriiformes). Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Fowler, M.E. W.B.
Saunders Co. Phildelphia:213-217.
1930* Bourgeois, C.E., Threfall, W. 1979. Parasites of the
greater shearwater (Puffinus gravis) from Newfoundland, Canada.
Can. J. Zool. 57(7):1355-1357.
2484* Bent, A.C. 1922. Life histories of North American petrels
and pelicans and their allies. Dover Publ., Inc. New York:355.
3950* Cramp, S., Simmons, K.E.L., (eds.). 1977. THE BIRDS OF THE
WESTERN PALEARTIC..
4030* Jehl, J.R., Jr. 1974. The near-shore avifauna of the
middle American west coast. Auk 91(4):681-699.
4031* Hatch, J.J. 1974. Homing experiments with Audubon's
shearwaters. Auk 91(4):830-832.
References - 1