(DRAFT) - Taxonomy
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
TAXONOMY
NAME - lion, California sea
OTHER COMMON NAMES -
ELEMENT CODE - 03/19/84
AOU CODE - 04/29/85
CATEGORY - Marine Mammals
PHYLUM AND SUBPHYLUM - Chordata,
CLASS AND SUBCLASS - Mammalia, Theria
ORDER AND SUBORDER - Pinnipedia,
FAMILY AND SUBFAMILY - Otariidae,
GENUS AND SUBGENUS - Zalophus,
SPECIES AND SSP - californianus,
SCIENTIFIC NAME - Zalophus californianus
AUTHORITY - Lesson 1828
TAXONOMY REFERENCES - 1043 and 1033
Taxonomy - 1 (DRAFT) - Status
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
STATUS
Coded Status
Marine Mammal
REFERENCES FOR STATUS - 1029 and 1033
Status - 1 (DRAFT) - Distribution
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
DISTRIBUTION
References on County Occurrence - AO1
REFERENCES FOR HYDROLOGIC UNIT CODES - AO1
REFERENCES FOR OTHER DISTRIBUTION - G
Distribution - 1 HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS
HABITAT - Aquatic
REFERENCES FOR HABITAT - 1033
LAND USE -
Water
Atlantic Ocean Coastal Waters
REFERENCES FOR LAND USE - 1043, 1033 and 1042
NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY CODES
NWI NWICLS NWIMOD NWISPEC
Marine, subtidal OW0
REFERENCES FOR NWI - 1033
ANIMAL/PLANT SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS -
Parasites: trematode
cestode
nematode
Acanthocephala
Acarina
Anoplura *1030*
REFERENCES FOR SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS - 1030
Habitat Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Food Habits
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
FOOD HABITS
TROPHIC LEVEL -
Carnivore
REFERENCES FOR TROPHIC LEVEL - 2095, 1037, 1048, 2115 and 1033
LIFESTAGE FOOD FOOD PART
General Animals Not Applicable
General Animals Adult stage
General Molluscs Adult stage
General Squid, Octopus Adult stage
General Osteichthyes Not Applicable
General Clupeiformes Adult stage
General Gadiformes Adult stage
General Perciformes Adult stage
Important Animals Not Applicable
REFERENCES FOR GENERAL FOOD - 2095, 1037, 1048 and 2115
REFERENCES FOR IMPORTANT FOOD - 1033
Food Habits - 1 (DRAFT) - Environment Associations
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G = General A = Adult
LIM = Limiting RA = Resting Adult
J = Juvenile FA = Feeding Adult
RJ = Resting Juvenile BA = Breeding Adult
FJ = Feeding Juvenile P = Pupae
L = Larvae E = Egg
RL = Resting Larvae
FL = Feeding Larvae
LIFESTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
G Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
G Coastal Features: Rocky offshore islands
G Coastal Features: Rocky beaches
G Human Association: Zoos
LIM Aquatic Habitat Zonation: Open water [pelagic zone]
LIM Coastal Features: Rocky offshore islands
LIM Coastal Features: Rocky beaches
BA Coastal Features: Rocky offshore islands
BA Coastal Features: Rocky beaches
REFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2095 and 1033
REFERENCES FOR LIMITING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2095 and 1033
REFERENCES FOR BREEDING ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOC_ - 2095
Environment Associations - 1 (DRAFT) - Life History
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
LIFE HISTORY
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: length of males 8 feet, females 6
feet; weight of males 600 pounds, females 300 pounds; the body is
slender with no under fur; ear pinnae and snout are small; males are
dark brown with light spots, females are lighter in color; both appear
black when wet; dental formula is I 3/3; C1/1;PC5-6/5 *1043,1035,1037*;
REPRODUCTION: probably does not breed in this area, season is May to
June; gestation period is 1 year; polygamous *1043,1035,2095,1037*;
BEHAVIOR: males establish a territory during mating season, gregarious,
breeds in large groups on islands or beaches; young live on land for
first 2 weeks; female cares for pups *1035,2095,1037*; ORIGIN: feral
*1043*; exotic *1042*
REFERENCES FOR LIFE HISTORY- 1043, 1035, 2095, 1037 and 1042
Life History - 1 (DRAFT) - Management Practices
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RESULT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Beneficial Regulating harvest of species being described
Beneficial Prohibiting harvest of species being described
Beneficial Public education - publicity
Beneficial Public education - law enforcement
Existing Regulating harvest of species being described
Existing Prohibiting harvest of species being described
Existing Public education - publicity
Existing Public education - law enforcement
REFERENCES FOR BENEFICIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - 1048
REFERENCES FOR EXISTING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - 1048
Management Practices - 1 (DRAFT) - References
Species lion, California sea
Species Id M120028
Date 26 AUG 96
References
276 * Harvey, James T., David L. Stein. 1986. The State of
Scientific Information Relating to the Biology and Ecology of
the Gorda Ridge Study Area, Northeast Pacific Ocean: Nekton.
(0-86-7) (ed.). Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral
Industries Portland, Oregon:131.
1029* (ed.). Checklist of Virginia marine mammals. Virginia
Assoc. Res. Campus 12.
1030* Dailey, M.D., Brownell, R.L., Jr. 1972. A checklist of
marine mammal parasites. Mammals of the Sea: Biology and
Medicine Ridgeway, S. H. Charles C. Thomas Publ. Springfield,
Ill:528-529.
1033* Gunderson, H.L. 1976. Mammalogy. McGraw-Hill Inc. New
York, N.Y:117-120.
1035* Martin, R.M. 1977. Mammals of the Oceans. G.P. Putnam's
Sons New York, N.Y:44-82.
1037* Nishiwaki, M. 1972. General biology. Mammals of the Sea:
Biology and Medicine Ridgeway, S. H. Charles C. Thomas Publ.
Springfield, Ill:3-204.
1042* Rowlett, R.A. 1980. Observations of marine birds and
mammals of the northern Chesapeake Bight. (04). U.S. Fish and
Wildl. Serv., Office Biological Serv. Washington, D.C:50-56.
1043* Schmidly, D.J. 1981. Marine mammals of the southeastern
United States and the Gulf of Mexico. (41). U.S. Fish and Wildl.
Serv., Off. Biol. Serv. Washington, D.C:163.
1048* Serv., National Marine Fisheries. 1981. Marine mammal
protection act of 1972. Annual report.. U.S. Dep. Comm., Natl.
Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. Washington, D.C:143.
2095* Walker, E.P. 1975. MAMMALS OF THE WORLD. The Johns Hopkins
Press Baltimore.
2115* Maxwell, G. 1967. SEALS OF THE WORLD. C. Tinling and Co.
London:151.
References - 1