Sustained forests; sustained profits
Sustained forests; sustained profits
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Under Development.
As we study streams, we find some that need restoration. Typically this is of faunal space for game fish but it may and should deal with the spectrum of potential stream benefits and services, the suggestions of "success." More generally, we seek fairly natural conditions and a rich stream fish community, one that we view as a desirable condition. We expect high variance in fish richness and abundance within stream reaches. We therefore continue to study and seek to express precisely the objectives related to stream recovery and subsequent stability. (These may be biological, but probably include riparian volumes conditions, topographic, shade, and economic statements.) While scientific foundations are needed for decisions, there are other dimensions of accumulated experience as well as anticipated financial gains that need to be articulated in plans and project descriptions. These views of the future need to be described and included within the project plans for they are needed for later analyses of project successes.
Next, we must describe the strategies for implementing restoration and subsequent stabilization or management.
The consequences and likely gains and benefits from restoration need to be made clear.
Evaluation, monitoring, and feedback systems are needed as well.
Reaches
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Stream Temperature
We need regular work for several years to develop equations for stream temperature and air temperature and for upstream temperature effects on reach water temperature. These may lead to standard guides for taking stream temperatures that produce useful numbers for useful models of stream and organism responses. We know that canopy cover removals increase maximum stream temperature while adjacent harvested and unharvested streams will retain the same stream temperatures.
We know that hardwood canopy of riparian areas contributes more and more diverse materials to streams than conifers.
Channel Steps and the Cross-section
Channel steps formed by large woody debris and by boulders are important elements of streams. Number, interval, and heights are not likely to differ among managed or unmanaged areas. A negative exponential relationship is likely to exist between channel gradient and mean length of step intervals in the headwaters, not in colluvial-process reaches.
Logging debris can form steps and can later modify channels to form reaches that are step pools to step-steps. Removals of large trees has changes the gradient, the scour, and runout and deposition of sediment. Loss of the beaver had similar influences of pool formations and water velocities after large storms in forests.
Silver Waters is a subsystem of The Fishery. There are other major linkages in The Trevey and in the main web site.
Pool step reache sequences are where the major streem feature driving hyporheic exchanges flows.
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Giles, Jr.
Last revision January 17, 2000.