Rural System's

Modern Wild Faunal Resource System Management

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The F-13 Ways to Manipulate Succession

Forcing it a little, there are 13 major groups of practices and techniques about ways to speed up, hold constant, or set back succession. These replace Leopold's "cow, plow, fire, and axe".

1. Forestry
2. Fertilizing
3. Farming
4. Fencing
5. Flooding
6. Feeding
7. Forming (i.e., re-shaping the land, as in mining)
8. Faunizing (e.g., grazing, browsing)
9. Fulminate (explosives, as in pond creation and shaping)
10. Furnishing (e.g., cavities, birdhouses)
11. Fire (e.g., prescribed as well as "chemical fire" or herbicides)
12. File (e.g., administrative action)
13. Finalizing (e.g., under a parking lot)

The combinations and permutations of these 13 create a spectacularly large set of options to manipulate faunal space.

What are the permutations of 13 items? (Recall that permutations = n! that is n-factorial.)

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Last revision January 19, 2004.