1. Fir (Abies) Leaf base disc shape, leaf scar circular, its surface parallel with the surface of the twig.

2. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga) Leaf base disc shape, leaf scar small slightly angular, raised along the lower edge, its surface sloping downward away from the plane of the twig surface.

3. Hemlock (Tsuga) Leaves narrowing abruptly at the base into a light-colored stem, leaf scar on a raised base, plane of its surface at right angle to the surface of the twig

4. Spruce (Picea) Leaves angled, attached to short stalks rising from elongated, mostly boat shaped, bases. The short stalks carry the leaf scar on the end, and persist after leaf fall causing twig, back of leafy area, to be very rough.(sterigma)

5. Yew (Taxus) Leaves flat narrowing at base into a short stem which rises from an expanded base. Leaf scar jagged and indefinite.(decurrent)

6. Pine (Pinus) Leaves slender in groups of two, three, or five with several dry scales sur-rounding the base of the cluster.

7. Arborvitae (Thuja) Leaves opposite, scale-like with a gland on the back. Twigs flattened, arranged in flat fan shaped clusters which are commonly disposed on edge over the plant.

8. Juniper (Juniperus) Leaves scale-like shape or needle shape, not glandular on the back, twigs not flattened. Commonly rather prickly to the touch.

9. Cypress (Chamaecyparis) Leaves opposite, scale-like juvenile form needle shaped), twigs slightly flattened in fan shaped clusters, disposed on the plant in horizontal or ascending position; the leading shoots commonly nodding, usually soft, at least not prickly to the touch.

Sketches adapted from drawings by Miss M.C. McBryde and A. B. Massey, Blacksburg,Virginia July, 1938