TN00344 BLACK CRAPPIE POMOXIS N IGROMACULATUS
Physical description: This is a very compressed centrarchid, with the adults usually from 100-400 mm TL. The body is strongly compressed, the head is somewhat long and the snout is slightly upturned. The mouth is slightly superior, oblique, and large. The eye is large. The anal and dorsal fins are nearly equil in base length and the caudal fin is shallowly to moderately forked. The pectoral fin is rounded. There are 36-44 lateral line scales, 7-8 dorsal spines, 14-16 dorsal rays, 16-18 anal rays and 13-15 pectoral rays. The ground color of the side of the head and body is silver and the dark lateral lines are olive to black. The dorsum is usually olive-brown and the dorsolateral head and body have brassy green sheens. The venter is silvery. The median fins are black with white membrane spots and yellow-olive spines. The breeding male has intensified dark pigments and sheens *4205*. Reproduction: This species is mature at age 2-3 at total lengths of 175-200 mm *2129,4205*. The males establish territories in backwaters and littoral areas *2129*. The nests are bowl shaped, shallow depressions (less than 60 cm), constructed near or in beds of vegetation on soft mud, sand or gravel *2129*. They are constructed in moderate water up to 6 meters deep *4205*. Spawning takes place from March to July in water from 15-20 degrees C *4205*. Incubation lasts 57 hours at 18.3 degrees C *788,1230*. Spawning is influenc- ed by dissolved oxygen, and low levels cause spawning to occur earlier, while high dissolved oxygen concentrations delay spawning *3341*. The females bear from 11,000-188,000 tiny eggs, with a mean diameter of .93 mm. They rarely hybridize in nature with the white crappie *4205*. Behavior: This species ranges from Manitoba to Quebec, south to the Texas coast *788*. It has been widely introduced outside this range throughout North America *4205*. The male establishes and defends a territory *788,3340,3341*. The male sweeps away loose silt, and sometimes forms a bowl-shaped depression for the nest *788*. The nest is located in or near vegetation *788,2199*. The male will guard the nest until the larvae leave *788,835,2199,1230*. Origin: This species is native in Virginia to the Roanoke, lower James, Chowan and Dismal Swamp. It is transplanted in this state *4205*. Aquatic/terrestrial associations: Hybrids include Lepomus gulosus x Pomoxis nigromaculatus, L. macrochurus x P. nigromaculatus, P. annularis x P. nigromaculatus, P. nigromaculatus x L. gulosus, P. nigromaculatus x L. macrochirus, P. nigromaculatus x Micropterus salmoides, M. salmoides x P nigromaculatus *1581*. TN00344OTHER: ADULTS IN A SOUTH CAROLINA POWER PLANT COOLING LAKE WERE SHOWN TO BE IN BETTER CONDITION IN AREAS NEAR THE HEATED DISCHARGE *TN5211*, FINAL TEMPERATURE PREFERENDUM HAS BEEN REPORTED AS 27.0-29.8 DEGREES C IN A POWER PLANT COOLING LAKE *TN5213*, 24 DEGREES C IN THE LAB *TN5215*, AND 20.5-22.2 DEGREES C IN THE LAB *TN5214*, IN RESERVOIRS WHERE TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION IS INITIALLY INUNDATED, BLACK CRAPPIE HAVE DECLINED IN ABUNDANCE REALTIVE TO WHITE CRAPPIE AFTER SEVERAL YEARS, FOLLOWING THE LOSS OF TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION *TN5218*, THE TENDENCY OF BLACK CRAPPIE TO BECOME OVER- POPULATED AND STUNT CAUSES CYCLICAL PATTERNS IN GOOD FISHING *TN5216* *TN5217* A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LIFE HISTORY IS GIVEN IN *TN5225*, OTOLITHS HAVE BEEN USED TO YIELD MORE ACCURATE AGE DETERMINATIONS THAN SCALE ANALYSES IN MORE SOUTHERN LATITUDES *TN5227*, IN TENNESSEE, FEW CONSISTENT DIFFERENCES EXISTED IN AGING BLACK CRAPPIE USING SCALES AND OTOLITHS *TN5228*, RESULTS OF AGE AND GROWTH ANALYSES FOR TENNESSEE WATERS ARE GIVEN IN *TN5228* AND *788*
| Life History |
References for Life History Codes
2129, 788, 835, 3340, 3341, 3342, 2584, 2585, 1230, 1581, 2199, JRK4, 4205
Comments on Life History Codes