Taxonomy

Species ID	020190
Name	Rainforest toad
Other Common Names
Category	02 Amphibians
Phylum
Subphylum
Class	Amphibia
Subclass
Suborder
Family	Buffonidae
Genus	Bufo
Species	campbelli
Subspecies
References	2

Comments

2* In 1994 Mendelson described B. campbelli, which is said to occur sympatrically with B. valliceps in southern Belize and in the vicinity of Chinaja, Guatemala. 3* The rainforest toad was first recognized as a distinct species in 1994, and several Belizean records for Bufo valliceps probably pertain to to this species. It appears that the latter is an inhabitant of disturbed and cultivated areas, secondary growth, and some of the less humid vegetation types in Belize, while B. cambelli is restricted to the areas of primary rainforest. The true extent of the distribution of B. cambelli in Belize must await re-evaluation of all populations of medium-sized toads in the forested areas of the country. See Gulf Coast Toad, Bufo valliceps (020220) for comparison.

Status

Status Code	Status Translation	References
32	Insufficient information, uncertain	3

Distribution

DISTRICT	References
Cayo, Belize	1
Toledo, Belize	1

Administrative Unit	Occurrence	Abundance	Temporal	References
Chiquibul Forest Reserve				1
Bladen Nature Reserve				1
Columbia River Forest Reserve				1

QUAD Distribution	References
16 45' to 17 00'; 88 45' to 89 00'	1
16 30' to 16 45'; 88 45' to 89 00'	1
16 15' to 16 30'; 89 00' to 89 15'	1

Comments on Distribution

3*  Known definitely only from the southern Maya Mountains in the Toledo
    District.

Graphics

Pictures

Habitat Associations

Food Habits

References/Lifestage	Reference Numbers

Environmental Associations

References/Lifestage	Reference Numbers

Life History

Life History Narrative

3* The rainforest toad appears to be an inhabitant of the primary forests, and is currently known from the Ever-green Broadleaf Forest and Subtropical Evergreen Forest formations, from between about 300 and 2,500 feet (100 and 833 meters) in elevation. Although probably primarily a nocturnal species, this toad may on occasion be encoun-tered during the daytime on the darkened forest floor. The call has been described as a very soft trill. This recently recognized species is thought to breed in small mountain streams, as individuals have been observed calling and in amplexus in these situations. The breeding season in Belize is unknown, but the absence of water in some streams in the dry season may restrict breeding to the wetter months. The rainforest toad was first recognized as a distinct species in 1994, and several Belizean records for Bufo valliceps probably pertain to this species. It appears that the latter is an inhabitant of disturbed and cultivated areas, secondary growth, and some of the other less humid vegetation types in Belize, while B. campbelli is restricted to the areas of primary rainforest. The true extent of the distribution of campbelli in Belize must await reevaluation of all populations of medium-sized toads in the forested areas of the country.

Life History References

3

Management Practices

References/Result	Reference Numbers

References

1  Meerman, J., 1994. Summary of Herpetofauna Distributions in Belize.
   Report to National Protected Areas Management Project.

2  Lee, Julian C. 1996.  The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Yucat n
   Peninsula.  Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca.

3  Meyer, J.R. and C.F. Foster. 1996.  A Guide to the Frogs and Toads of
   Belize. pp. 14-15.